定语

被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 　　 　　关系代词引导的定语从句 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 　　1）who, whom, that 　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： 　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 　　他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 　　他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 　　2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： 　　They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 　　Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 　　3）which, that 　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： 　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语） 　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to e unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 　　关系副词引导的定语从句 　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 　　1）when, where, why 　　关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： 　　There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 　　2）that代替关系副词 　　that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： 　　His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 　　He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 　　判断关系代词与关系副词 　　　方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： 　　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 　　I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 　　判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示 出。） 　　（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 　　（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 　　（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 　　（对） I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 　　方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副 2从句结构编辑 先行词 指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。 一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。　[1] 关联词 关联词常有2个作用： ①连接作用，引导定语从句。 ②代替先行词，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 注：关系代词有主语、宾语、定语之分。一般who做主语或其宾格形式的whom做宾语，whose作为定语（whom，whose不可省略）。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语（where）时间状语（when），原因状语（why）。[1] 定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词表示的）汉语中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如“the girl”，“the book” 如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那个喜欢唱歌的女孩。 这就是一个定语从句。[1] 3关系代词编辑 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1、who, whom, that 限定性定语从句中的关系代词 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that whom/that(可省略) whose 指物 which/that which/that(可省略) whose 指人和物 that that whose 非限定性定语从句中的关系代词 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who whom whose/of whom 指物 which which whose/of which 特殊情况： 只能用that的情况， 先行词为everything，all，little，much等不定代词时； 先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时； 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时； 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时； 先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时； 先行词有人又有物时； 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 不能用that的情况 介词前置时； 非限定性定语从句中 这些词代替指人，whom在定语从句中指人，"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物（who不可指物）。在从句中所起作用如下： （1）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） （2）He is the man （whom/that） I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） （3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。（whom在从句中作宾语） 注：who在定语从句中指人，作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略；做及物动词或介词的宾语，可省略。　[1] 2,which，that 用来指物（有六种情况只可用that而不用which） (用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略），例如： （1）The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在从句中作主语） （2）The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to e unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。（which/that在从句中作宾语） 注：which在定语从句中指物，可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语，作宾语时可省略；that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时可省略，指人时，相当于who或whom，指物时，相当于which，作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that前，当介词提前时，需要用which或whom来代替。[1] 2、whose (只用作定语) “whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西） 例：A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。（“whose parents”表示那个孩子的双亲） He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那个房子的窗户是朝南的。（“whose”表示那个房子的窗户） 关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，“which”代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，“which”在从句省略。[eg：This is the book （which）you want.] 2.不

宾语从句（一） 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句常由that引导，在口语中常省略。 当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的 影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。如： She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时） She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。（从句是现在完成时） 当主句谓语是过去时态，从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如： He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。（从句是一般过去时） He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句是过去将来时） He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时） *当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理（事实）时， 宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如： The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。 She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。 宾语从句（二） 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 引出名词性从句的连词whether和if，在引出宾语从句时，用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，而whether除了引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如： We don"t know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。 The question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事。 Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。 试比较： 当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时，引出的是宾语从句。例如： I don"t know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。 当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲，则引出状语从句。例如： I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间，我将到那儿去。 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

a beautiful lady the daughter of the professor ， the book of a boy or a boy"s book the boy out of the window a boat in the sea the singing girl a dancing boy a boy cheated by a girl ################################################################################################### 一般来说，单个词作定语放在被修饰词前面，而多多个词或从句作定语放在后面，但是过去分词作定语，放在后面。 This is a story about a rose and a boy 介词短语，较长放后面 At the party, the young boy understanding romance was rejected 现在分词短语作定语，放在后面 the boy dumped looks pitful 过去分词作定语放在后面 Do you know who did this Do you know whom I spend last night with? I never forget the day when we met I do not know why she went away Life is like a long race where **we can go beyond ourselves by competing with others. **(从句不缺主谓宾，引导词为副词) He is the man whose father is wealthy I love buildings whose roofs are round ################################################################################################## Do you know the girl who played the piano ？ I have an uncle who lives far away I have a friend whose name is Lucy I met a woman whose husband is a teacher I love the girl whom/who I met yesterday （met 及物需要宾语，这里whom 作met的宾语） This is the book which is very interesting （先行词事物） I like the cat which has blue eyes （先行词动物） This is the table whose leg was broken yesterday I love the cat whose hair is black This is the car which I bought yesterday I know the who loves you . who作主语不能省略 I know the man (whom/who) you love. whom/who作宾语可以省略 The boy who is standing by the door is my brother The boy standing by the door is my brother I received a letter which was written in English I received a letter written in English This is the desk which I put my bag on （which 可以省略） This is the desk on which I put my bag （which 不可省略） ################################################################################################# I have an uncle who/that lives in China This is a watch that/which made in Korea This is a singer whom/who/that I want to see This is the house in which I live I like the cat， which is beautiful I like Mrs. Liu， who is very charmful He went to America， where the war broke out She went to the house， where she could not see him 1.人+事物一起存在 Look at the dog and her dog that are running 2.先行词是the+最高级或者the+序数词 She is the tallest girl that I have ever seen Jane is the first girl that came to the school 3.先行词有all，every，some，any，no时候 Everyone that goes to the school looks happy All that glitters is not gold 4.先行词有the very， the only，the same时候 This is the same/very watch that I lost yesterday 5.先行词有who，which 时候 Who that knows him will trust him Which of the movie that you watched this year is the tbest？ ############################################################################################### 1.看that后面是不是完整的句子 It is true that I helped him yesterday （that 后面主谓宾都有）名词性从句 This is Shrek that married Fiona （that作主语且前面有先行词）定语从句 2.看that 前面有没有先行词 I didinot know that he was a singer （that 前没有先行词）名词性从句 He is the most clever guy that I have ever seen （that 前有先行词）定语从句 I understand the thing which you said I understand what you said I know the thing which you did last month I know what you did last summer ################################################################################################## This is the place in which I was born This is the place where I was born This is the place where I was born (I was born 是完整句子) We went to the place where we were able to camp （we were able to camp也是完整句子） 也就是说关系副词引导定语从句，从句是完整句子 New York is a city where the UN members meet = New York is a city in which the UN members meet This is a place which I want to visit is beautiful （visit is 及物动词） The place where I want to go is beautiful （go 不及物 ） I remember the day which she was born on I remember the day on which she was born I remember the day when she was born 这里 on which 可以用when 代替 This is the reason which he was late for This is the reason for which he was late This is the reason why he was late 这里for which 可以用why代替 This is the way in which she solved the problem This is the way how （that） she solved the problem 由于the way 是方法 how也是方法，，所以这里有些重复，去掉the way即可 或用关系 ‘副" 词that This is how she solved the problem 参考《不就是语法和长难句吗》和《英语分解语法大全》

先行词是名词或代词,如果名词或代词后面有修饰它们的句子且它们在句中充当某一成分,它们就是先行词. 把先行词还原到从句中,就能判断做什么成份.如:I will never forget the day when I first went to school.(先行词是day) 从句=I first went to school on the day. (on the day 在从句中作状语=when) I will never forget the day that was very special to me.(先行词是day) 从句=The day was very special to me (the day 在从句中作主语=that/which)

您好，（定语从句）中的（定语）含义就是（修饰），也就相当于（形容词）修饰（名词）。当一个名词无法使用单一或是几个形容词修饰而需要使用到一个句子时，这个用来修饰的句子就是（定语从句），这也就是（定语从句）的基本概念和原由了。比如：I have a book.（我有一本书，没有形容词修饰词）I have a comic book.（我有一本漫画书，comic 是形容词，修饰 book）假如这本 comic book 不是我自己买的，而是我哥哥送给我的。那么汉语会是：我有一本（我哥哥送我的）漫画书。此时可以看得到括号内的（我哥哥送我的）就是一个句子用来修饰（漫画书），那这个句子就是（定语从句）了。在汉语翻译中，我们没有（后置）的概念，基本上都是（前置），但英语只有使用单个形容词或是多个形容词时可以前置，使用一个句子时，通常是后置的，除了由 as 引导的定语从句修饰整个句子时可以前置，其他的几乎都是后置。既然是后置，就需要遵循（就近原则），也就是和被修饰的词（例句是：漫画书）通常需要在一起，以免发生理解上的错误。这个被修饰的词就是所谓的（先行词），而因为英语句子通常只能包括一个主语，或是多个并列的主语，而无法是2个独立的主语放在一个句子中，为了修饰，就需要有（连接词）引导（定语从句）用来修饰（先行词）以区分主句的结构。所以英语句子的复合句才有了（主句+从句）的结构，表示主句可以独立存在，而从句必须依靠一个主句才能够存在的概念了，这个也是汉语较少有的概念。那么例句就变成了：I have a comic book which is given by my brother.这里的 which is given by my brother 就是（定语从句），而（从句）本身就是一个具备基本结构的句子，所以（从句）也需要遵循英语句子的基本结构，比如主谓宾、主系表等结构。但因为（连接词）是用来修饰（先行词）的，表示在（从句）中是用来替代（先行词）的，所以（先行词）只需要1遍，而不需要重写。这个句子中 which 引导的定语从句就是用来修饰 book，所以 book 在从句中不能重复，但可以让 which 替代 book 在从句中充当从句主语的成分，也就是 the book is given by my brother 中 the book = which，然后 is given 是（谓语动词，一般现在时的被动语态）了，符合（主谓）结构。定语从句中的连接词分两大类：关系代词（可以用来替代从句的主语、宾语、表语，和定语）和关系副词（可以用来替代从句的状语）。定语从句还区分（限制性和非限制性）。上面就是（定语从句）的基本概念和使用的逻辑思维，以及基本的连接词了。希望这样的解析可以帮到您。

定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。(1)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(2)Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)colorisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

attributive clause

attributive clause 定语从句relative clause 关系从句

nonrestrictiveattributiveclaus

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示 出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。18.5 介词+关系词 P> 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 (2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。As 的用法例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has).例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. As is know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。18.7 先行词和关系词二合一1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who （错）Who breaks the law will be punished. （错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. （对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. （对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.3) that 和 what 当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。 I think (that) you will like the stamps. What we need is more practice.18.9 关系代词that 的用法1）不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。举例： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。参考资料：http://www.eeffee.com/e/viewnews-16088.html

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

语：就是起到修饰限定名词代词等作用的成分。一般可以是形容词，名词，形容词性物主代词，动名词，现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词短语，从句等。前置定语：就是修饰成分在名词代词等的前面。比如说：形容词，形容词性物主代词，动名词（a reading room ）单个的现在分词和过去分词（falling leaves fallen leaves ）,名词修饰名词也可以（a school boy ）后置定语：就是修饰成分在名词代词等的后面。扩展资料：定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。根据从句与主句关系的紧密程度，定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。后置定语注意事项1、表示将要发生的动作，有时根据句意需要加上介词，这时介词不能省略，因为被修饰的名词是它的宾语。2、用于修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词。3、根据不同的句意，不定式可用主动语态或被动语态。参考资料来源：百度百科-后置定语参考资料来源：百度百科-定

定语从句英文是attributive clause。定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词（relative word）引导的从句，因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语。所以曾被称为定语从句（attributive clause），这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。在英语中，定语从句主要通过关系代名词法构成。关系从句的句法功能主要是充当定语。在英语中，关系从句通常位于它所修饰的词（组）之后。被关系从句修饰的词（组）叫做先行词（antecedent），引导关系从句的词称为关系词，关系词指代先行词，并在关系从句中充当一定的成分。例如：This is the book which interests me.（“which interests me”是关系从句，修饰先行词“book”，而关系词“which”指代先行词“book”并在关系从句中充当主语。这句话可以拆分为两个句子来理解：“This is the book.”和“The book interests me.”）关系词包括关系代词（英语：relative pronoun）、关系副词（英语：relative adverb）和关系限定词（英语：relative determiner）。关系词的选择主要涉及以下因素：1、先行词是人还是事物。2、关系词在关系从句中的句法功能。3、关系从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。4、是口语还是书面语。

是英语中够的不知道

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I"ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

关系代词who, whom)的用法who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定语从句中用作主语，whom在定语从句中用作宾语。如：I met a girl who knew your sister. 我碰到一个认识你姐姐的姑娘。In Berlin, he first met the woman whom he would one day marry. 在柏林，他第一次遇见那个女人，后来他终于跟她结了婚。She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn"t met before. 她把我介绍给她丈夫，我以前没见过他。但是，用作宾语的whom如果不是紧跟在介词之后，通常会被省略或用who, that代之。如：The person to whom I complained is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。The person (who, whom, that) I complained to is the manager. 我向他投诉的那个人是经理。■ 关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定语从句中主要用作定语。如：She is the woman whose car was stolen. 她就是汽车被盗的那个女人。This is the house whose windows were broken. 这就是窗户被打破了的房子。Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。His house, whose windows were all broken, was a depressing sight. 他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。 of表示同位关系：即用于在A+of+B结构，其中的A和B为同位关系。如：Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的两个儿子，都在国外工作，他们每周都给她打电话来。We"ve tested three hundred types of boot, none of which is completely waterproof. 我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完全防水的。2. of表示整体与部分的关系：即用于“部分+of+整体(which, whom)”结构。如：He went with a group of people, few of whom were correctly equipped for such a climb. 他和一队人一起去了，其中没有几个人配有进行这样一次登山的适当装备。The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students. 我遇到了摘水果的人们，其中有几个人是大学生。3. of表示所属关系：即of用于构成所有格。如：He"s written a book the name of which I"ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我给忘了。The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired. 那幢屋顶被损坏的房子现在已经修好了。4. of与其他的词构成固定搭配：即of与从句中的某个词语构成固定搭配。如：He"s married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。(介词of与动词hear构成固定搭配，意为“听说”)注意：介词of后面除接关系代词which, whom外，有时也可能是whose。如：She had a teddy-bear, both of whose eyes were missing. 她有一个玩具熊，它的两只眼睛都丢了

http://www.wwenglish.com/en/z/grammar/

1. 形式上 非限定性 有个逗号隔开2. 语法上 非限定性 部分可以去掉 不影响句子意思和语法完整 而限定性则不可

你想问什么问题呢？具体的概念随便找书上都有的。

restrictive attributive clause;restrictive a

用来修饰名词的部分是定语一张干净的桌子，桌子是名词，所以干净就是定语定语从句差不多就是 一张桌子它很干净 把定语位置放后了

） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I"ll never f

1、主语（subject）是句子叙述的主体，一般置于句首，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。2、谓语（predicate）说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征或状态，一般由动词来承担。谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”和“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。3、宾语（object），又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的对象或接受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语（间接宾语也称宾语补足语）两大类，其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响。4、定语（Attributive）是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。定语主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。5、状语，英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial）。状语的功用：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。6、英语补语（Complement）的作用对象是主语和宾语，具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能，在句法上是不可或缺的，是起补充说明作用的成分。最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作补语。7、表语（predicative）是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。8、宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。

‘定语从句" 用英语怎么说 定语从句"_有道翻译 翻译结果： Attributive clause clause_有道词典clause 英 [klu0254u02d0z] 美 [klu0254z] n. 条款；[计] 子句 n. (Clause)人名；(法)克洛斯 更多释义>> [网络短语] Relative clause 关系子句,关系子句,关系分句 Attributive clause 定语从句,第十五章,复习定语从句 ‘定语从句"用英语怎么说 定语从句 attributive clause更多释义>> [网络短语] 定语从句 Attributive clause;the attributive clauses;Relative Clause 引导的定语从句 that;As;which 初中定语从句教案 defining relative clause 定语从句的英文怎么说 定语从句 Attributive Clauses 定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。 定语从句怎么翻译 答：定语从句分为两种，一是限制性定语从句，其与所修饰的先行词之间关系密切，翻译时，一般将定语从句放在先行词前，译为“…的＋先行词”，如： Doyouknowtheboywhoisstandingunderthetree？ 你认识那个站在那棵树下的学生吗？ 另一种为非限制性定语从句，其与所修饰的名词(先行词)之间关系没有前者紧密，翻译时可单独译出，不必放在先行词之前，如： Theboystudiesverywell,whogotafirstinlastexam. 那个男孩学习很好，他在上次考试中得了第一名。 有时两种译法意思不同，比较下面两句 Themanwhosesonjoinedthearmyisverypoor. 他的儿子参军的那个人很穷。(可能有不只一个儿子) Themanisverypoor,whosesonjoinedthearmylastyear. 那个人很穷，他儿子去年参军了。(可能就一个儿子) 限定性定语从句用英语怎么说 限定性定语从句用英语 restrictive attributive clause 我哥哥在国外工作，他下周将回来。（非限定性定语从句） My brother, who works abroad, is ing next week. 定语从句该如何翻译 首先得分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。 如果是限制性定语从句，一般情况下是后置定语，修饰前面的先行词，此时翻译成“……的”最恰当。 eg：This is the photo which shows my house. “which shows my house”是后置定语，用来修饰先行词the photo，翻译为这是我家房子的照片最为恰当。 非限制定语从句一般修饰前面一句话或一个短语一组单词，可以翻译成“它……”，“这”,或省略不翻译 eg：He can speak English fluently,which impressed me most. “which impressed me most”是非限制性定语从句修饰前面一整句话，可以翻译成他英语说得非常流利，（这）给我留下深刻的印象。 定语从句中术语用英语怎么说 若是问“定语从句”英文名称，则可说成： attribute clause

后置定语是指用在所修饰词之后的词语或句子。在英语中由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常后置。英语中有些以a为词首的形容词做定语时，均放在被修饰语后面。例如形容词enough作定语，而着重点又是强调它所修饰的那个名词，或者它所修饰的名词起形容词作用且前面不加冠词时，通常要后置。后置定语的用法介词短语放在中心词后修饰和限定中心词，作后置定语。形容词修饰由some、any、no、every构成的复合不定代词和复合否定代词时，必须放在它们后面。形容词修饰疑问代词what，which，who，whose，whom和疑问副词when，where，why，how的时候要后置。现在分词用作后置定语通常表示这个分词的逻辑主语和它是一种主动的主谓关系，但由于句中已经有了谓语，所以在这种情况下只能用非谓语动词中的现在分词的形式来表示。和现在分词不同的是，过去分词和它修饰的中心词是一种逻辑上的动宾关系，有的时候经常可以看作是定语从句的省略形式。

问题一：前置定语和后置定语用英语怎么说 前置定语 Pre-attribute pre-modifier 后置定语 postpositive attributive 问题二：‘定语从句"用英语怎么说 定语从句 attributive clause更多释义>> [网络短语] 定语从句 Attributive clause;the attributive clauses;Relative Clause 引导的定语从句 that;As;which 初中定语从句教案 defining relative clause 问题三：几千年前的古人用英语怎么说？用定语 The people several thousands years ago 问题四：自己作曲的歌手英语用定语怎么说 A singer of his own position 问题五：‘定语从句" 用英语怎么说 定语从句"_有道翻译 翻译结果： Attributive clause clause_有道词典 clause 英 [kl??z] 美 [kl?z] n. 条款；[计] 子句 n. (Clause)人名；(法)克洛斯 更多释义>> [网络短语] Relative clause 关系子句,关系子句,关系分句 Attributive clause 定语从句,第十五章,复习定语从句

去看一些语法书吧，多多阅读书籍，从中培养语感，这是最慢的方法，确实最有效的

http://baike.baidu.com/view/56536.htm

前置定语Pre-attributepre-modifier后置定语 postpositive attributive

我不明白“限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用”是什么意思。谢谢！ 这种问题不知怎么具体说明 只能找些限制性定语从句的例子你自己体会定语

relativeclause

定语从句Attributive clause

定语缩写Attributive abbreviation 定语 [词典] [语] attribute; [例句]（which在从句中作定语修饰time。）他们和我一起呆了三周，在这期间他们喝光了我所有的酒。They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drunk all the wine I had.

做后置定语：Something must bu done to save the animals in danger. in danger 在这里作后置定语，修饰前面的the animals 。因为in danger 是介词短语，在英语中作定语时要求放在被修饰词之后。作表语的：We must save tigers because they are in danger.in danger 在这里作表语，because引导的原因状语从句是个主--系--表结构的句子。

不能，who要紧跟the boy ，否则不通顺

定语从句用什么连词取决于从句缺什么比如thereisanexamplewherestudentsdon"tknowhowtoguessthewordmeaning。（intheexample）.从句中有主语students有谓语don"tknow有宾语howtoguessthewordmeaning也就是说从句不缺主谓宾缺intheexample这个状语用关系副词这里inwhich=where整个从句部分句子理解为在这样的例子中学生不懂得如何猜词义

where可以变成in which，on which之类的啊

一、V-ing作定语★ V-ing作定语时，既可放在其修饰词的前面，也可放在其后面。但我们要注意单个V-ing或V-ing短语作定语的位置。 1. 单个V-ing作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面。V-ing作定语所表示的动作或行为是其所修饰的名词发出的，在意义上表示主谓关系；或者表示名词的用途，相当于for短语。例如： a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping(一个睡着的婴儿) a sleeping car=a car for sleeping(卧车) working people=people who are working(在工作的人们) a working method=a method for working(工作方法) 2. 如果是V-ing短语，则放在被修饰的名词后面，它可以改成一个进行时态或一般时态的定语从句。例如： ①There are a lot of boys in the field playing(=who are playing) football. 球场上有许多正在踢足球的男孩。 ②The large building being built (=which is being built) down the street will be a hospital. 沿街正在建的大楼将是一座医院。 注意： 1. V-ing或V-ing短语作定语，指正在进行的动作时，在意义上表示主谓关系(如例句①)；V-ing的被动式作定语，指正在进行的被动动作(如例句②)。如果V-ing与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则用V-ing的被动式。(如例句②)。 2. V-ing的完成式通常不作定语，一般用作状语。例如： Having been shown the labs (=As we had been shown the labs), we were taken to see the library. 二、V-ing作宾语补足语★ V-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语，可带这种复合宾语的动词有：see, observe, hear, notice, find, have, get, keep, catch, leave等。它强调宾语的动作是主动的，又是正在进行的；宾语和宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如： We heard her singing in her room. 我们听见她在她的房间里唱歌。 He saw a girl getting on the tractor. 他看见一个女孩正在上拖拉机。 The salesman caught the boy stealing in the shop. 那个男售货员发现这个男孩在商店里偷东西。 注意区别V-ing与不定式、过去分词作宾语补足语： V-ing强调动作的主动、正在进行；不定式强调动作的全过程；过去分词强调动作的被动、完成。比较： I heard them singing that song. 我听见他们正在唱那首歌。 I heard them sing that song.我听见他们唱了那首歌。 I heard that song sung. 我听人唱过那首歌。

定语 the remaining cigaretteHe remains sitting.He remains seated. She remains a student.It remains to be seen.The boy remained silent.They are allowed to remain in England.

当然可以，单复数都没问题

The girl who is singing will not attend your party.

对于“介词+which／whom”结构的考查,高考英语主要涉及以下几个方面. 1.考查定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯 （1） 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 Water is the natural medium in which fish live.水是鱼类赖以生存的自然环境.（注意搭配live in） The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们找寻的文件已经找到了.（注意搭配 search for） This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.这是一个我们可能长时间争论的问题.（注意搭配 argue about） I wanted to find someone with whom I could discuss books and music.我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人.（注意搭配 discuss sth with sb） 注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分,此时它们的位置应注意.如： The boy （whom） my sister is looking after is getting better. 不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better. （2） 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.他要我去参考一些我不熟悉的参考书.（注意搭配 be familiar with） 2.考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯 这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词.如： This is our classroom,in the front of which there is a teacher"s desk.这是我们的教室,前面有老师的讲台.（注意搭配 in the front of our classroom） I"ll never forget the day on which she said goodbye to me.我永远不会忘记她与我们告别的那一天.（注意搭配 on the day） 3.考查表示所属关系的 of which 〔whom〕 On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence,the meaning of which I don"t understand.老师在黑板上写了一个句子,句子的意思我不明白.（注意搭配 the meaning of the sentence） 4.考查表示整体与部分关系的 of which 〔whom〕 I have five English dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best.我有5本英语词典,其中最好的是朗文词典.（注意搭配 of the five dictionaries） The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.多数公共汽车已经上满了人,周围是一伙愤怒的群众.（注意搭配 most of the buses） I met the fruit-pickers,several of whom were university students.我碰到那些摘水果的人,其中有好几个是大学生.（注意搭配 several of them） 5.考查表示同位关系的 of which 〔whom〕 Her sons,both of whom work abroad,rang her up this morning.她的两个儿子都在国外工作,今天早上给她打了电话.（注意搭配 both of her sons） 【边学边练】用适当的介词和关系代词填空. 1.Do you like the book _____ she spent $10? 2.Do you like the book _____ she paid $10? 3.Do you like the book _____ she learned a lot? 4.Do you like the book _____ she often talks? 5.He built a telescope _____ he could study the skies. 6.There is a tall tree outside,_____ stands our teacher. 7.China has a lot of rivers,the second longest _____ is the Yellow River. 8.The tower _____ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9.The man _____ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most _____ hadn"t been cleaned for at least a year. 11.The workers,some _____ stayed for four years,came from different countries. 12.The committee consists of 20 members,5 _____ are women. 13.The book contains 50 poems,most _____ were written in the 1930s. 14.There are two left,one _____ is almost finished,and the other _____ is not. 【参考答案】 1.on which2.for which 3.from [in] which 4.about which 5.through which 6.under which7.of which 8.from which9.to whom 10.of which 11.of whom 12.of whom 13.of which 14.of which,of which

Yale professor and Harvard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai"s Fudan University in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. 意译：由徐天教授(耶鲁大学教授,霍华德.休斯医学院研究员)负责的人类疾病遗传学研究中心坐落在上海的复旦大学,其工作人员由耶鲁和复旦两所大学共同派人组成. 直译：耶鲁大学教授、霍华德.休斯医学院研究员徐天与来自耶鲁和复旦两所大学的同行合作,主持建设一个研究中心,该中心坐落于上海复旦大学,致力于人类疾病遗传学研究. focused on 做后置定语,可看作定语从句的省略形式.其中,a research center作先行词,be focused on :致力于. Yale professor and Harvard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center 【which is】 focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai"s Fudan University in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools.

to只是为了后面的动词可以不管时态用原形. be loved表被动,做“被爱”的意思.不是定语哦! 定与一般是形容词,修饰的是名词,这里的 loved是love的表被动的饿过去分词,不是名词.

to只是为了后面的动词可以不管时态用原形. be loved表被动,做“被爱”的意思.不是定语哦! 定与一般是形容词,修饰的是名词,这里的 loved是love的表被动的饿过去分词,不是名词.

which可引导定语从句.在非限制性定语从句中,当先行词为一个句子时,which表示这一点.which译成中文是那一个,事先会有一个指定一个选择范围.what引导名词性从句,连接代词（主,宾,表）.在名词性从句中,what做成分,不省略.另外what和which的区别,只要不译为“哪一个”时,就用what.

完全可以

这个说起来很抽象，我看还是等英语帝吧！！！囧！！！！

　定语从句中连接先行词和定语的叫关系代词或关系副词。有一些情况下，关系代词可以省略：当关系代词所代替的先行词在定语从句中做宾语，关系词可以省略。Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁？当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。关系副词when用于day, year, time少数词后时可以省略（也可换成that）That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国。关系副词where用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。I"m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，这些连接词都可以省略。That"s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因。 Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。

例子：Give me one good reason why I should help you。。可以还原成以下两个简单句1. Give me one good reason.2. I should help you for the reason. I don"t know the reason why you quarreled with him 可以还原成以下两个简单句1. .I don"t know the reason.2. You quarreled with him.

定语从句中关系词省略的6种情形关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。一、关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗? Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?二、关系代词作表语时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)三、关系代词作宾补时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。如：I"m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)四、关系副词when的省略用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)也可换成。如：That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。I"ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。五、关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时？六、关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如：That"s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 这就是他来的原因。Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。 absent, nothing couldn"t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。如果还有问题的话可以去小马过河问问那里专业的英语老师，谢谢！

是的，亲。致学

1 有逗号隔开的是非限制性定语从句，没有的则是限制性。2 非限制性定语从句不能用that引导3 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较活，可以在句首，可以在句中，也可以在句尾。4 非限制性定语从句去掉对句意影响不大，而限制性定语从句去掉则句意就不完整了。

关系代词，在限制性定语从句中做从句中的宾语成分的时候是可以省略的。在非限制性定语从句绝对不能省略。例如：The girl （who is ）standing there is my sister。括号里的可以省略，standing there 就做一个后置定语。但也有几种特殊情况，关系代词不用作宾语也可以省略，同学们学习和使用时请注意。　　在下列情况下,引导宾语从句的关联词可以省略。　　一、that在定语从句中作表语时。例如:　　She is all (that) a teacher should be. 她具备一个老师应该具备的所有条件。　　二、that在从句中作补语时。例如:　　I"m not the fool(that) you thought me. 我不是你以前所认为的那个傻子了。　　He is the nicest teacher (that) the students consider him in their school. 他就是学生认为学校中最好的那个老师。　　三、作状语时的省略。　　1. 当先行词是reason,且在定语从句中作原因状语时,可以用关系副词why或关系代词that,也可以省略。例如:　　The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness. 他失败的原因是因为他懒惰。　　That is the reason I did it. 那就是我做那件事的原因。　　2. 当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关联词可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如:　　The way(in which/ that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。　　That was the way(in which / that) she worked the problem out. 她就是用那种办法解决问题的。　　3. 当先行词是time时,关联词可用when, that或省略。例如:　　The second time (that) I saw him was in 2000. 我第二次见到他是在2000年。　　I don"t know the exact time (when/ that) the sports meeting will take place. 我不知道运动会举办的确切时间。　　4.当先行词是place时,关联词可用where,that或省略。例如:　　The place(where/ that) we will have our picnic is not decided yet. 我们举行野餐的地点还没定下来。　　This is the right place he was born.这儿就是他的出生地。(注意:句末不可用介词in)　　同学们往往认为关系代词作宾语时就一定可以省略,其实不然.在下列四种情况下,关系代词虽作宾语,却不能省略。　　一、在介词+whom /which结构中, whom, which不能省略。例如:　　Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?你知道附近有可以买到花的商店吗?　　That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.刚才和我爸爸交谈的那个人是校长。　　二、在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。例如:　　Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school. 格林先生是我们学校里最高的,你也认识他。　　The elephant is like a spear, as anyone can see. 大象像长矛,任何人都知道。　　三、在the same ... as, such ... as, as ... as, the same... that结构中, as, that 即使作宾语,也不能省略。例如:　　I have bought the same bike as you (have). (指同类用as)我买了一辆和你的一样的自行车。　　This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. 这就是我前天读过的那本书。(关系代词that如要换成as, 则指与我读的书一样,而不是同一本。)　　四、当and, but, or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,关系代词第一个可省略,第二、第三个等不可省略。例如:　　This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I found very interesting. 这就是我昨天读的那本书,它很有趣。　　You have many people around you (whom) you always turn to and whom you will never forget.你身边有很多人,你经常向他们求助,你永远不要忘记他们。

可以，但是要分情况！1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。Here is the man (who/that/whom)you"re been looking for.以下情况不能省略：（1）在介词+whom与介词+which中，whom,which不能省略。Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.注：当介词放在动词后时，which,whom就可以省略。Who is the man (whom) you talked with just now?（2）在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。Mr Green,whom you know,is the tallest in our school.The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.（3）在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中，as,that即使作宾语，也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought). (指同类用as)This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that指同一个)（4）当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不可省略。This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.2.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。He is not the man (that) he used to be.She is all (that) a teacher should be.3.在there be 结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现there be 时，用作主语的关系代词也可省略。There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you.This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.4.状语的省略（1）当先行词是reason，而且定语从句中作原因状语时，关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略。The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness.That is the reason (why) I did it.（2）当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略。The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.That was the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out.注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，不省略。例如：I don"t know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains.(3)当先行词是time时，关系代词可用when,that 或省略。The second time (that) I saw him was in 1980.I don"t know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。

http://baike.baidu.com/view/56536.htm

　　一、定语从句that不能省略情况 　　1.非限制性定语从句中,that有其他意思不可省 　　2.有不定代词时 　　3.有only时 　　4.有序数词时 　　5.指人又指物时 　　6.有形容词最高级时 　　二、定语从句中关系词的省略与不省略 　　1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略. 　　Here is the man (who/that/whom)you"re been looking for. 　　以下情况不能省略： 　　（1）在介词+whom与介词+which中,whom,which不能省略. 　　Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers? 　　That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now. 　　注：当介词放在动词后时,which,whom就可以省略. 　　Who is the man (whom) you talked with just now? 　　（2）在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略. 　　Mr Green,whom you know,is the tallest in our school. 　　The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see. 　　（3）在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中,as,that即使作宾语,也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought).(指同类用as) 　　This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday.(that指同一个) 　　（4）当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,第一个关系代词可省,但第二,第三个不可省略. 　　This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting. 　　2.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略. 　　He is not the man (that) he used to be. 　　She is all (that) a teacher should be. 　　3.在there be 结构中出现定语从句,或在定语从句中出现there be 时,用作主语的关系代词也可省略. 　　There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you. 　　This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library. 　　4.状语的省略 　　（1）当先行词是reason,而且定语从句中作原因状语时,关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略. 　　The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness. 　　That is the reason (why) I did it. 　　（2）当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略. 　　The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong. 　　That was the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out. 　　注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不省略. 　　例如：I don"t know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains. 　　(3)当先行词是time时,关系代词可用when,that 或省略. 　　The second time (that) I saw him was in 1980. 　　I don"t know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place. 　　注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略. 　　拓展 　　1同位语从句 　　在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句，常常跟在fact,idea,opinion,news,hope,belief等名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容，可以由名词、代词、短语及句子来充当同位语从句。 　　同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释。 　　2定语从句 　　定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，用来修饰名词或代词，起到定语的作用，所以叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，通常分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。 　　定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后，一般由关系代词来引导，关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。被修饰的词叫先行词，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 　　3同位语从句与定语从句的区别 　　1、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的`that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等，如： 　　The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 　　计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（同位语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成份） 　　The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 　　（定语从句，that在从句中作gave的宾语） 　　2、引导词的不同 　　what,how,if,whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。 　　3、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。如： 　　The news that l have passed the math exam is true．我通过了数学考试这一消息是真的。 　　（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容） 　　The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 　　（定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息） 　　4、定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea，fact，hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question，belief，conclusion等少数名词。而且when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。I have no idea when they will come.我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句) 　　I"ll never forget the days when I lived there.我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

time做时间用，关系代词是when或that 例如： He forgot the exact time when he went shopping on Sunday.time 做次数用，关系代词是that /which It was the third time that he parked his car perfectly into a narrow space. 这是他第三次完美地把车停到狭窄的车位。He forget how many times which he attended his friends" parties.他忘了参加朋友的派对到底有多少次了。

英语定语从句详解定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：1）three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack三种意味着一个人是患有惊恐症而不是心脏病的迹象在这个带有定语从句的名词短语中：signs是：被修饰的名词； that是：关系词；that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack是定语从句2）those who drink a lot 那些大量饮酒的人在这个带有定语从句的代词短语中：those是：被修饰的名词； who是：关系词;who drink a lot是：定语从句通过上面的演示,我们可以归纳出定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下：被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中，"被修饰的名词/代词"在语法叫作"先行词".)要点提示：1）"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。例如：They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。（本句中的关系词where = 先行词（in）situations 。如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situationspeople normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出，"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系）。 又例如：Rude people are those （先行词） whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect for the rules（先行词） that(关系词) the majority follows .不讲礼貌的人是指那些，他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。由此我们还可以看出，"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则，"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。）2）"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。这个意思就是说，假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"，那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。"先行词" 在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。比如说，同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词"，如果它在从句中作主语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式，如果它在从句中作定语，"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。另外，有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词，而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语，在这种情况下，我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。例如：Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields . 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .有许多声音有意义但不是词。Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。(一) 关系词从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。例如：I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ? 刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。 They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。 (句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。)Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? （错误）(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor. 沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如：Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。I"ve got a novel which you may like to read .我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。例如：Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? （错误）要点提示：定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如：This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday . 这就是你昨天找的那本书。I don"t like the novel ( that ) you are reading .我不喜欢你看的这本小说。Who is the man ( whom ) you"re talking about ? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .（先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。）请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent） 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。关系代词that 和which的区别 that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which ：-- 先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如：Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy .任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。-- 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：-- 当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which 。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：The world in which we live is made of matter .我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow . 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。The world that we live in is made of matter.（正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语，但是介词没有提前，所以没有这点要求。）我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。The world in that we live is made of matter.（错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词已经提前，所以必须遵从这点要求。）-- 在非限定性定语从句（关于这一点随后就要讲解）中，当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如：The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。-- as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句 （常用于such … as和the same … as 等句式中）Such points as you"ve mentioned are really important in solving the problem .你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .你描述的这种人现在很少见了。This computer has the same functions as that one has .这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。非限定性定语从句 （as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。） As I know , she hasn"t got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如：People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland .人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。We don"t know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：The place where we"re to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams .那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：He didn"t tell her the reason why he was so happy .他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。The reason why she was late is not so acceptable .她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before .他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。介词+关系代词在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：A）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如：A）动词与介词的搭配He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify + 名词+ for "使…具有…资格" ）他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . （ talk to + 名词 "与某人谈话" ） 你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名词+ rent at + 表示价格的词 "某物以某价格出租" ）他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。B）名词与介词的搭配They are still living in the little house in which they"ve been lived for 15 years . （ in the house "在屋子里" ）他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。We"ve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法。She didn"t realize the extent to which she had been distracted .（ to extend "到某种程度" ） 她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。C）形容词与介词的搭配The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with "对…表示满意")老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。I"ve found the job for which I"ve been eager for a long time.（ eager for "渴望得到…" ） 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .(familiar with 熟悉…)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。2）定语从句的种类在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。

定语从句中关系词的省略与不省略 1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略. Here is the man (who/that/whom)you"re been looking for. 以下情况不能省略： （1）在介词+whom与介词+which中,whom,which不能省略. Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers? That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now. 注：当介词放在动词后时,which,whom就可以省略. Who is the man (whom) you talked with just now? （2）在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略. Mr Green,whom you know,is the tallest in our school. The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see. （3）在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中,as,that即使作宾语,也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought).(指同类用as) This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday.(that指同一个) （4）当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,第一个关系代词可省,但第二,第三个不可省略. This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting. 2.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略. He is not the man (that) he used to be. She is all (that) a teacher should be. 3.在there be 结构中出现定语从句,或在定语从句中出现there be 时,用作主语的关系代词也可省略. There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you. This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library. 4.状语的省略 （1）当先行词是reason,而且定语从句中作原因状语时,关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略. The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness. That is the reason (why) I did it. （2）当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略. The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong. That was the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out. 注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,不省略. 例如：I don"t know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains. (3)当先行词是time时,关系代词可用when,that 或省略. The second time (that) I saw him was in 1980. I don"t know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place. 注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略. 希望能够帮助楼主

1He is my English teachter【 that /who/whom或不填】I saw yesterday2The house is broken down whose Windows are broken is broken down原句 The windows of the houses中的house不应该加复数3 I enjoy reading the book【 that /who/whom或不填】you gavet me last week4The man 【 that /who/whom或不填】I spoke to is a professor

He is still using the same pen as I did 10 years ago.

the way 做先行词，用that，in which，或者不写，如下句：I like the way he does his job.I lkie the way （that） he does his job.I like the way （in which） he does his job.

定语从句中that, which, what的区别 定语从句的连接词不可以用what． 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面. 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等. 关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句.2,代替先行词.3,在定语从句中担当一个成分. 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人,在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略. (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略. (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时,相当于who 或者whom；指物时,相当于which.在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略. (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We”ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) We”ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F) 2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 四．关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. 2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don”t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born. 五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例： (1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. (2) China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定语从句举例： (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. (2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 (1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学.（他还有其他的哥哥） (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学.（他只有一个哥哥） 难点分析 （一）限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little that I can do for you. 注意：当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won”t do such a thing. 2. 当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen. 4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? （二）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处.具体情况是： 1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子. (1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see. 2. as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后.另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don”t believe. 注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary”s wedding. 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子. (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子. （三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略. (1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. (四) but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 (1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don”t ) (五)区分定语从句和同位语从句 1．定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句 2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语 (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以 (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位语 (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. *~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which,as . 关系副词有：when, where, why ,how . 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起连接作用,同时又可做定语从句的一个成分.当关系代词做宾语时可以省略. 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句. 1 、关系代词引导的定语从句 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3)which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物,that 和Who 都可以指人,其用法区别： 1）不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food. c)多用who 的情况 ①关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend . ②先行词为those , people 时 Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth . ③先行词为all, anyone , ones , one 指人时 One who doesn"t work hard will never succeed in his work . ④在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you . ⑤在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German . ⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词. The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard . There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does . 2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which. All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. b) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时,只用that. He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water . c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that.. The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin . d) 先行词既有人,又有物时. He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited . e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复. Who is the person that is standing at the gate . f)关系代词在从句中做表语 He is not the man that he used to be . 2 、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语. 1)when, where, why,how 关系副词when, where, why,how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? I"m surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem . 注意： ①在非限制性定语从句中,"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词. 如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves . ②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开,介词仍放在动词后面. Is this the book which (that) she was looking for ? 3、名词/数词/代词 /形容词最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句 She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten . There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard . There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia . 4、 as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别： 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中. As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有"正如"的意思. As is know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. 用法区别： (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可. As we all know , he never smokes . (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.. (3)非限定性定语从句中出现expect , think , suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时. She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected . (4)As 的用法 the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……. I should like to use the same tool as is used here . We should have such a dictionary as he is using .

只能用that,见如下第一点：限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 1．当先行词是anything,everything,nothing (something 除外),few,all,none,little,some 等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much 等修饰时 (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won"t do such a thing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen.4.当形容词被the very,the only修饰时 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ 5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

这是我去年建造的房子是定语从句。翻译：This is the house that I built last years.解析：从句中缺少主语，所以要用that代替，而不用where。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，那么，就要用that或which引导，是定语从句结构，所以是定语从句。定语从句介绍：定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that，as和关系副词when，where，why等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任一个成分。一、关系代词引导的定语从句：1、who指人，在从句中作主语。例：That is the man who teaches us English.那位就是教我们英语的那个人。2、whom指人，在句中作宾语，常可省略。例：The professor (whom) you wish to see has come.你想见的那位教授已经来了。3、whose通常指人，也可指事物，在从句中作定语。例：This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。4、which指事物，在从句中作定语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略。例：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.词典是解释词语的书。5、that指事物，也可指人，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时，常可省略。例：She is the only one among us that knows French.她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。5、as引导的定语从句。as也可以用作关系代词，既可以单独引出定语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应，从句中谓语动词常省略。例：We jumped for joy at the news，as was natural.我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来，这是很自然的事情。二、关系副词引导的定语从句。1、when表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time，day，hour，year等）。例：From the time when he was little，he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.从小时候起，他就已经知道长大后做什么。2、where表示地点，其下先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place，room，house，street，area等）Is this the room where we were living last winter.例：这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗？3、why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面。例：I don"t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.我不知道为什么她今天看上去不愉快。

there be 如果是定语从句 就能作定语。本句中there is就是定语what if 是固定句型。也可以把what看作是省略的主句=what should we do.本句意思：如果我们生活只有这些 又如何？

There be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法 ��There be句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。但是对there be句型的多变的特点及其特殊结构的复杂性，并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在大学英语四级考试题中也常常遇到这一句型结构的试题。 ��例如： Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon．（CET-4，1998．6-43） ��A）there to be a chance ��B）there being a chance ��C）there be a chance ��D）being a chance 该题的答案为B）。 ��动词 dream of 要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，更准确地讲是介词of后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being a chance意为"有一个机会"；A）和C）两项均不符合句子结构的要求，所以不是答案选项，而D）项 being a chance 虽然是 V-ing 分词结构，但语义不通，故不能雪� ��又如： No one had told Smith about ____ a lecture the following day．（CET-4，2001．1-66） ��A）there be�B）there would be C）there was�D）there being ��该题的答案为D）。介词 about 后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，there being（a lecture）意为"有（一个讲座）"，而A）、B）和C）项内容均不符合结构要求，故不能雪�再如： ��It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound．（CET-4，1995．1） ��该句子中出现了for there to be 的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的；但是，实际上此结构没有错，此处只能够用 for there to be，而不能用 there being。为什么呢？这就是本文想要解答的问题：there be 句型的特殊结构及其用法。笔者将 there be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总结如下，供读者参考。 ��一、there be句型与各种情态动词连用。 � 例如： There must be something wrong here． �����There might still be some vacant seats in the rear． �����There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking． ��二、there be句型中的谓语动词be被be likely to be，happen to be，seem（to be）， occur等代替，用来描写事物。例如： ] ��There are likely to be more difficulties than they have been prepared for． ��There happened to be nobody in the room． ��There doesn"t seem to be much hope of our beating that team ． ��There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape，the relative length of day and night，and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are． ��There have occurred many great changes since we met last． ��三、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 live，stand，exist，remain等，用来表示"静止、存在、有"。例如： ��There lives a family of five in the village． ��There remains nothing more to be done． ��There stands the Monument to the People"s Heroes at the center of the Tian"anmen Square． ��There exist different opinions on this question． ��四、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 come，spring up，appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow, 等，用来表示"突然出现"。例如： ��There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yet． ��There came a company of actors and actresses． ��There followed a spirited discussion after class． ��五、there be句型中be用不定式，形成"（for）there to be ＋宾格词"结构，表示"有"或"存在（某种情况）"，在"（for）there to be ＋宾格词"的结构中，主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构在句中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。 ��1．"there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作宾语。例如： ��The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams． � "there to be ＋宾格词"结构在句中作动词expect的宾语，句中的宾格词m ore review- ing classes作"there to be"不定式结构的逻辑主语。特别应该注意的是there后的不定式只能用"to be"的形式，因为这种不定式结构是从"there be"结构转化而来的。又如： ��People don"t want there to be anotherwar． ��Members like there to be plenty of choice． ��Perhaps transportation and the means of comm unication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities． ��It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound． � "there to be ＋宾格词"结构在句中作介词for的宾语，句中的宾格词an ensemble of expert musicians 作"there to be"不定式结构的逻辑主语。 ��2．"for there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作状语。例如： ��It isn"t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jim "s car out quite safely．（"for there to be ＋宾格词"作结果状语） ��特别应该注意的是，"for there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作状语时必须用介词 for引出 there be 后面的宾格词。又如： ��For there to be successful communication， there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussing itself by all present．（"for there to be ＋宾格词"作目的状语） They planned for there to be another meeting．（"for there to be ＋宾格词"作目的状语） ��3．"there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作主语。例如： ��It"s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company． 特别应该注意的是， � "for there to be ＋宾格词"在句中作主语时必须用介词for引出 there be后面的宾格词。又如： ��It is impossible for there to be any more apples． ��For there to be so few people in the streets was unusual． ��六、there be句型中be用V －ing分词，形成"（of）there being ＋宾格词"结构，表示"有"或"存在（某种情况）"，在"（of）there be- ing ＋宾格词"的结构中，主语是宾格词。 ��1．"there being ＋宾格词"在句中作宾语。例如： ��Have you ever thought of there being so many work units for you to choose on the talent"s meeting？（"there being ＋宾格词"作宾语） � "there being ＋宾格词"结构在句中作介词of的宾语，句中的宾格词so m any work u- nits作"there being"V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如： ��No one had told him anything about there being a beautiful story about the lake． John was relying on there being another opportunity． ��2．"there being ＋宾格词"在句中作状语。例如： ��There being no cause for alarm ，she went back to her bedroom．（"there being ＋宾格词"作原因状语） � "there being ＋宾格词"结构在句中作状语，句中的宾格词no cause作"there being" V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如： ��There having been a strong suspicion against the ability of the director，the department asked him to resign．（"there being ＋宾格词"作原因状语） ��There being nothing to be done，they have to go back home．（"there being ＋宾格词"作原因状语） ��There being no further business，the chairm an closed the meeting．（"there being ＋宾格词"作原因状语） ��3．"there being ＋宾格词"在句中作主 语。例如： ��There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage． � "there being ＋宾格词"结构在句中作主语，句中的宾格词a bus stop作"there being" V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。 ��七、there be 句型中 be 用 be ＋V-ed 分词，形成"there be ＋V-ed分词＋宾格词"结构，表示"有"或"存在（某种情况）"，在"there be ＋V-ed 分词＋宾格词"的结构中，主语是宾格词。例如： ��There was found a lot of food in the kitchen cupboard． ��There are now published millions of books every year in China． There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai． ��八、"there be no ＋主语名词"的习惯用法。 ��1．V-ing分词在"there be no"结构中作主语，表示"不可能"、"无法"。例如： ��There is no denying the fact that China is still a developing country． ��There is no joking about such matters． ��There is no telling what will happen to him next． ��2．there is no point ＋V-ing分词，表示"没有必要"，"无用"，"没有意义"，"没有用处"。例如： ��We are disappointed with the new officer elected in our bridge club，but thereis no point worrying about it． ��3．there is no use ＋V-ing分词，表示"无用"，"没有意义"，"没有用处"。例如： ��There is no use advising him to give up smoking． ��4．there is no good ＋V-ing分词，表示"无用"，"没有意义"，"没有用处"，"没有益处"。例如： ��There is no good discussing the matter with such a fool． ��九、在由"there be ＋主语名词"引起的句子中，修饰主语的情况。 ��1．在由"there be ＋主语名词"引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式。例如： ��There is no time to lose ／to be lost． ��There are still many things to take care of ／to be taken care of． 在口语中多用主动形式。但是有时候两种形式可能表示不同的意思。试比较： ��There is nothing to do now．（We have nothing to do now．） ��There is nothing to be done now．（We can do nothing now．） ��There is nothing to see（nothing worth seeing）． ��There is nothing to be seen（nothing there at all）． ��2．在由"there be ＋主语名词"引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的分词或分词短语在意思上相当于一个定语从句。例如： ��There were 200children studying（＝who were studying）m usic，dancing，or dram atics． ��Is there anything planned（＝that has been planned）for tonight？

　　定语从句中的介词什么时候可以前置？同学们学会了哪些介词前置的语法呢？ 　　定语从句中的介词可以前置的情况 　　如果介词与关系代词属于同一个意群，表示时间、原因、方式、目的、结果等，书面语往往要把介词前置。例如： 　　This is the room in which there are some beautiful pictures. 　　[口语 This is the room there are some beautiful pictures in.] 　　The years during which I lived is gone forever. 　　[口语 The years I lived during is gone forever.] 　　The man for whom he bought the book is myfriend. 　　[口语 The man he bought the book for is my friend.] 　　定语从句介词前置的语法解说 　　1.语法作用：“介词＋关系代词”在从句中主要起关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语： 　　（1）表示地点，时间和原因的“介词＋which”分别相当于where，when，why。 　　I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（＝I have found the book. The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.） 　　The earth on which／where we live is a planet. 　　I”ll never forget the day on which／when I joined the League. 　　I know a wood in which／where you can find roses. 　　Is there any reason for which／why you should have a holiday？ 　　（2）way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。 　　I really don”t like the way that he talks. 　　That was the way in which the old lady looked after us. 　　Do it the way I showed you. 　　2. “of＋which”起形容词的作用，相当于whose（用来指物），其词序通常是“n.＋of which”。 　　They live in a house whose door／the door of which opens to the south. 　　He”s written a book whose name／the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten. 　　3.可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 　　There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.（SEFC 2A L. 55） 　　We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.（SEFC 2A L. 55） 　　4.介词的选择（选择介词时须考虑下列情况） 　　1）介词与先行词的习惯搭配 　　There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（in与way是习惯搭配） 　　2）介词与定语从句中的动词，形容词的习惯搭配 　　These are the wires with which different machines are connected.（be connected with是习惯搭配） 　　The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.（be familiar with是习惯搭配） 　　3）同形的先行词，或定语从句中的动词，形容词表示不同的含义时，要根据其含义选用不同的.介词。 　　I can”t remember the age at which he won the prize. 　　That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness. 　　age在前句中意为“年岁”，与at搭配；在后句中意为“时期”，与in搭配。 　　4）复杂介词须保持其完整形式，常见的复杂介词有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。 　　We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.（SEFC 2A L. 55） 　　Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other. 　　They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument. 　　5）短语动词中的介词不可与动词分开提至关系代词前。常见的短语动词有listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此时可用which，who，whom或that，也可将他们省略。 　　（误）This is the girl of whom he will take care. 　　（正）This is the girl whom he will take careof. 　　6）当介词与定语从句中的动词或形容词联系紧密（但不是短语动词）时，介词也可放在动词或形容词的后面。但当介词与从句中的动词或形容词联系不紧密时，则需将介词置于关系代词前。比较： 　　The space station which we drove to was in the desert.（SEFC 2A L. 55） 　　I”ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party. 　　后句中的in若置于句尾则有“孤零零”之感，这时宜将介词置于关系代词前；而前句中的to则可后置。 　　5.关系代词的选择 　　用于介词后的关系代词只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。 　　There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.（which指代research stations） 　　We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.（whom指代the pilot）

the former 前者 the latter 后者previous 以前的，提前的词性不同

1. He is often late for class , always makes the teachers unhappy . A. what B. which C. that D. it答案：B分析：这是一个由which引导的非限制性定语从句，它代替的是前面的整个事情，在从句中做主语。2. He failed in the exam , made his mother very sad . A. that B. this C. as D. which答案：D分析：道理同于第1题。3. The way you are doing it is completely wrong . A. / B. which C. in that D. as答案：A分析：当先行词是way（方式、方法）、time、place、spot、direction （方向）时，关系词常用that，这时that是一个关系副词；可以被省略或替换成in which。4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grow up as a child . A. which B. where C. that D. when答案：B分析：where这个关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“他成长的地方”，表示地点，应选用关系副词where。一. 用适当的关系代词（who , whom , which , whose , that）或关系副词（when , where ,why）填空。1. This was the best model of a radio set the factory produced in 1999 . 2. Do you know anyone knows about the history of the Ming Tombs ?3. We have visited the Museum of Chinese History , Premier Zhou"s life and deeds are being shown . 4. We"ll never forget the day Chairman Jiang came to see us in hospital . 5. This is the cadre son died in the War of Resistance Against Japan . 6. He told me everything he had seen in traffic accident . 7. Liu showed me an ingenious way by the difficulty could be overcome . 8. I don"t know the reason she didn"t agree to our study plan . 9. I began to work in Beijing in the year New China was founded . 10. Yesterday I met Dr. Li told me the news of Wang"s recovery . 11. The two pupils you taught three years ago have become tractor drivers . 12. The first thing my sister is going to do this evening is to write a report about scientific experiment . 13. The child parents died in the air crash is now living with his aunt . 14. This place you are standing was the site of an old church . 15. You can telephone the people you want to invite to dinner . 16. Did you know the actor you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear ? 17. This is the biggest tiger has ever been shown in the zoo . 18. This is the photo I took yesterday . 19. The river they crossed is two miles wide . 20. The doctor is treating for your heart trouble is a relative of mine . 21. Mary , dress is all green , looks like a tree . 22. The PLA man will visit the village his comrade-in-arms lives ,when he gets back home . 二. 将下列两个简单句连成定语主从复合句1. Xiao Wang found me the key . I lost the key yesterday . 2. Where is the beautiful picture ? You bought it last Sunday . 3. The nurse is very kind . She looks after my little sister . 4. We watched the play Teahouse . The play Teahouse was written by Lao She . 5. The building is at the other end of the street . She is looking for the building . 6. The bridge has been rebuilt now . It was built in 1956 .7. The girl is now living with her grandmother . Her parents died in the Tangshan earthquake . 8. She is going to the town . I do not know the town . 9. She joined the Communist Youth League on Oct 4 , 2000 . She will never forget that day . 10. He did not attend the meeting . He told me the reason . 11. The student studies very hard . Her father is a model worker . 12. The train started at 4.50 p. m. . Li Ming missed it . 13. The hotel used to be a palace . The cadre is staying at it .14. The medicine was quite helpful . Dr. Chen gave him it . 15. This television set is still going strong . They have used it for three years . 16. Those new records are microgrooves . You have just heard them . 17. She is the finest singer . We have never known a finer singer . 18. The coat would keep me warm even in Siberia . My mother bought me the coat . 19. The purse has been found . I lost it .20. I am going to visit the old man . I once learned Chinese calligraphy from him . 三. 改正下列句中的错误1. The book that borrowed it from the library is well written . 2. The house stood at the place that the roads meet . 3. Did you see the young man whom was chosen the League secretary ? 4. We shall visit the university where my father teaches there . 5. The cadre whom you want to see comes . 6. Can you think of anyone who"s house is on a pile of rocks ?7. The day that I was to start arrived at last . 8. I have known the reason that she is so worried . 9. This is the girl who practise playing the piano everyday . 10. The watch which her mother gave it to her works very well . 11. This is the shop which open till eleven at night . 12. Is she the girl that her grandfather was a Red Army man ?13. The worker who repaired our house live next door to Li Hua"s .14. The girl studies music plays the violin very well . 15. The house on where we live is very large . 16. The street which lead us to the Beijing Station is wide and long . 17. Do you know the driver whom caused the traffic accident where a man was killed ?18. Has she returned you the novel that you lent it to her last Friday ?19. Uncle wanted to meet the boy , that had found his lost wallet . 20. This is the one hundredth letter which she has received from that boy . 四. 完成句子1. The trees （学生们三年前种的）have grown very tall . 2. Wang Hong"s father wanted to meet the worker （从危险中抢救他的孩子的）3. The building （坐落于我们学校附近的）is a hospital . 4. Xiao Ming is really the bravest boy （我所认识的）5. The Summer Palace （外国朋友经常参观的）is the most beautiful park in Beijing . 6. I will never forget the day （我第一次上学的那一天）7. There"s the bus （我经常搭乘上班的）8. Tennis （是夏季最好运动之一）can be played by two or four players . 9. Where is the man （他教你法语）?10. I don"t know the reason （他为什么不同意我们的计划）11. Have you receive the letter （我两星期前写的）?12. Where is the bookstore （你买到这本新字典的）？【试题答案】一.1. that 2. who 3. where 4. when 5. whose 6. that7. which 8. why 9. when 10. who / that 11. whom / who / that12. that 13. whose 14. where 15. whom / who / that 16. whom / who / that17. that 18. that 19. which 20. who / that 21. whose 22. where 二.1. Xiao Wang found me the key which / that I lost yesterday . 2. Where is the beautiful picture which / that you bought Last Sunday ?3. The nurse who / that looks after my little sister is very kind . 4. We watched the play Teahouse which / that was written by Lao she . 5. The building which / that she is looking for is at the other end of the street . 6. The bridge which / that was built in 1956 has been rebuilt now . 7. The girl whose parents died in the Tangshan earthquake is now living with her grandmother . 8. She is going to the town which / that I do not know . 9. She will never forget that day when she joined the communist Youth League . 10. He told me the reason why he did not attend the meeting . 11. The student whose father is a model worker studies very hard . 12. The train which / that Li Ming missed started at 4:50 p. m .13. The hotel which / that the cadre is staying at used to be a palace . 14. The medicine which / that Dr. Chen gave him was quite helpful . 15. The television set which / that they have used for three years is still going strong . 16. Those new records that / which you have just heard are microgrooves . 17. She is the finest singer that we have never known . 18. The coat that / which my mother bought me would keep me warm even in Siberia . 19. The purse that / which I lost has been found . 20. I am going to visit the old man whom / who / that I once learned Chinese calligraphy from . 三.1. 去掉it 2. that → where 3. whom → who / that4. 去掉there 5. comes → has come 6. who"s → whose7. that → when 8. that → why 9. practise → practises10. 去掉it 11. open → opens 12. that her → whose13. live → lives 14. 在先行词girl之后添加关系代词who或that15. 去掉on 16. lead → leads 17. whom → who ; where → in which18. it去掉 19. that → who 20. which → that四.1. that / which the students planted three years ago . 2. Who / that saved his children from danger . 3. Which / that lies near our school . 4. that I know 5. Which / that foreign friends often visit . 6. When I go to school for the first time 7. that / which I often go to work by8. Which / that is one of the best sports in summer 9. Who / that teaches you French10. Why he doesn"t agree to our plan11. Which / that I wrote two weeks ago12. Where you bought the new dictionary

三加三不加原则 也可以总结为 “六用三不用”,详解如下. that引导定语从句时,既可以指人又可以指物,在定语从句中作主语、谓语动词的宾语或系动词的表语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语.注意：that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略.如： The lette that I received yesterday was from my father.我昨天收到的那封信是我父亲来的.（that 指The letter,在从句中作宾语,可以省略） All the apples that fall down are eaten by the pigs.掉下来的所有的苹果都被猪吃了.（that 指All the apples,在从句中作主语,不能省略） The young lady that wears a blue blouse is a singer.穿蓝色上衣的那位女士是一位歌唱家.（that 指 The young lady,在从句中作主语,不能省略,且可用who来替换） 请看其特殊用法：“六用三不用”. 六用: （1）先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,something（也可which）,few,little,much等或先行词被all,every,any,no,little,much修饰时.如： All that can be done has been done.所有能做的事都已经做了. Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么需要我做的吗? There is not much that can be done.没有什么可做的了. You can take any book that you like.你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书. I have read all the novels that you gave me.你给我的小说我都看完了. （2）先行词为形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级修饰时.如： His article is the best that has ever been written on the subject.他的文章是有关这一题目的最好的. This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最好的书. （3）先行词为序数词或先行词被序数词修饰时.如： This is the first time that I heard of it.这是我第一次听说此事. The last place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的最后一个地方是长城. （4）先行词被the only,the very,the right等修饰时.如： This is the very watch that I lost the other day.这就是我那天丢的那块表. 注：以上（2）（3）（4）若先行词指人时,也可用who,whom,但常用that.如： He was the first that / who was there.他是第一个到达那里的人. You are the only person that / who can help me.你是唯一能帮我的人. （5）先行词包括人和物两者时.如： They talked about things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论了他们记得的在学校里的人和事. He talked happily of the men and the books that interested him.他高兴地谈到了他感兴趣的人和书. （6）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时.如： Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在大门口的那个人是谁? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?我们凡是了解物理的有谁不知道这个呢? 三不用: （1）先行词是用-one或-body构成的复合不定代词时,不能用that,而用who,whom.如： Is there anybody else who should be invited?还该邀请谁? （2）关系代词前有介词时,不能用that,而用which,whom.如： Here is the car about which I told you.这就是我跟你说起的那辆车. Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?你刚才跟他握手的那个人是谁? （3）在非限制性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who,whom,which.如： I have lost my pen,which I like very much.我很喜欢我的钢笔,但它丢了. I have two sisters,who are both students.我有两个妹妹,她们都是学生. Exercises: 1.That was the last happiest evening______Mathilde had had for the last ten years. A.which B.on which C.when D.that 2.Who is the man______is now speaking at the meeting? A.who B.whom C.that D.the one 3.He is not the man _____he used to be. A.what B.that C.which D.as 4.She was so angry at everything_____he did _____she went out. A.that; that B.what; that C.what; as D.that; which 5.The professor talked about the famous writers and novels_____have far-reaching effects on modern American literature. A.who B.which C.that D.whom 以上 来自 网络

首先，如果答案是A，那么B也对了。其次，quote sb for sth（也可以说：quote sb sth）向某人报某物的价格所以，答案是C，D介词后不能直接加thatwhich指代the goodsConsidering the quality of the goods for which we quoted, we do not feel that the prices are at all excessive.考虑到我方所报商品的质量，我们并不认为所报价格过高。

不同的动词会搭配不同的介词。

　　在定语从句中，关系代词that和which都可以引导定语从句，但是有些情况只能用that不能用which. 　　一、当先行词是everything、nothing、something、anything、all、little、much等不定代词时，如： 　　Everything that he has done is all wrong. 　　他所做的任何事都是错的。 　　I seldom eat anything that has many food additives. 　　我很少吃含有很多食品添加剂的食物。 　　I can"t do much that hurts you so much. 　　我不能多做伤害你很深的事。 　　That"s all that I can give you. 　　我能给你的就这么多了。 　　二、先行词被all、every、no、some、any、little、much, the only, the very等词修饰时，如： 　　A current mobile phone almost has all the functions that a computer has. 　　现在的.手机几乎拥有了电脑所有的功能。 　　Every chance that occurs around us should be cherished. 　　我们要珍惜身边出现的机会。 　　The only thing that we could do was to cancel this plan. 　　我们唯一能做的就是取消这个计划。 　　三、先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，如： 　　It is the second famous IT company that I"ve been chasing. 　　这是我一直寻觅的第二著名的信息公司。 　　This is the most expensive hotel that I know. 　　这是我知道的最贵的旅馆。 　　四、先行词由人和物共同组成时，如： 　　The teacher and his achievements that you told about are all recognized by all of us. 　　The dog and its doghouse that I saw yesterday are all destroyed by the typhoon. 　　我昨天看到的这条狗和它的狗窝全部被台风毁了。 　　五、如果关系代词在定语从句中作表语，或者在there＋be句型中引导从句，一般用that，如： 　　There is some bread in the table that is hot. 　　桌子上还有一些热的面包。 　　There are still some jobs that should be finished within today. 　　还有些工作需要在今天之内完成。 　　六、如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个宜用that，如： 　　The company released a new machine which has better performances that are considered as the best so far. 　　这个公司发布了一款拥有更好性能的机器，这种性能目前被认为是最好的。 　　The CSRC issued some bad news which could be guessed by the market that already fluctuatedsignificantly。 　　证监会发布了一些早已被市场意料到的不好消息，这个市场已经波动很厉害了。 　　七、被修饰的成分为数词时，关系代词常用that，如： 　　Yesterday I bought two turtles，now you can see the two that are still alive. 　　昨天我买了2只龟，现在你可以看见他们还活着。

whose son got full marks in this testwho standed there with a hoe in his hand which was completely overed with dust

with a bewildered look on his face是伴随状语修饰前面的句子He turned around.on his face是方位状语表明a bewildered look在哪里。

"with a bewildered look on his face" 中的 with 是介词，表示“有……的”，相当于“带着一副迷惑的表情”。这个短语是形容词短语，在句子中充当伴随状况状语。其中，a bewildered look on his face 是整个形容词短语，指出了他面带的表情。这里的 on his face 是 look 的定语，修饰它的内容，表示是在他的脸上显露出来的表情。整个句子可以理解为：“他转身，脸上带着一副迷惑的表情。”

He主 turned around谓,with a bewildered look on his face状语（表示方式）.with a bewildered look宾语 on his face宾补介词短语作宾补with+宾语+宾补：本结构一般作状语，也可作定语。

A bewildered look, which was on his face.或者可以这样写：A bewildered look, whose location was on his face.