定语

1.The dog which is black is mine.2.Here is the ball that/which you are looking for 3.Kate likes the movie which/that is about music.4.The man who is standing on the piayground is my Chinese teacher .5.She was the girl who/whom you met at the school gate yesterday6.The girl whose father is a doctorwho is my classmate.

1. Who 2. whom 3. which 4.题目打错了吧，无解 5.Who 6.Which 7. Where

1.The bicycle he rides is blue2.I didn"t see the man who stole my bag 3.My brother broke the camera I bought last week4.The answer he gave me is absoutly wrong5.Jack"s father doesn"t like coffee with milk6.The boy in black is my classmate

不可以

写语言学和规定语言学的区别就是描写语言写主要动作是描写日规定语言学必须用相应的

　　非限制性定语从句 1 　　非限制性定语从句： 　　即非限定性定语从句，起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 　　使用规则及注意事项： 　　1、which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。 　　2、as有时也可用作关系代词 。 　　as引导非限制性定语从句，若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。但which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放句中。 　　例句： 　　As is reported in the newspaper, some artistic treasures (艺术珍品) will be on show at the exhibition on the weekend. 　　3、在非限定性定语从句中，关系词不能用that。 　　限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别： 　　1在句中作用不同 　　限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。 　　非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。 　　如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。 　　2外在表现形式不同 　　限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 　　例1. 　　Do you remember the girl who taught us English? 　　你还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗? 　　例2. 　　Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 　　钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。 　　例3. 　　This is the place where he used to live. 　　这就是他过去居住的地方。 　　例4. 　　Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. 　　张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。 　　例5. 　　We walked down the village street， where they were having market day. 　　我们沿着村里的大街向前走去，村民们正在那里赶集。 　　析：在前三个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在后两个例句中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 　　3先行词内容有所不同 　　大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。 　　例 1. 　　A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 　　一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。 　　析：由语境可知，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导定语从句。 　　例 2. 　　A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 　　一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。 　　析：由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导非限制性定语从句。 　　4关系词的使用情况有所不同 　　①that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但that不可。 　　例 1. 　　他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。 　　误：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot. 　　正：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. 　　例 2. 　　他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。 　　误： He didn"t pass the exam， that disappointed me. 　　正： He didn"t pass the exam， which disappointed me. 　　值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。 　　使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用 who ，whose 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when ， where 引导非限制性定语从句。 　　例1. 　　We"ll graduate in July, when we will be free. 　　我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。 　　例 2. 　　Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held. 　　他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。 　　②关系代词替代情况不同 　　关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。 　　例 1. 　　This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。 　　析：先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替 whom. 　　例 2. 　　A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress. 　　一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。 　　析：先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom. 　　在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用 that 代替 who/whom . 　　例：她有一个姐姐，她是教师。 　　误：She has a sister, that is a teacher. 　　正：She has a sister, who is teacher. 　　③关系代词省略情况不同 　　关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。 　　例 1. 　　This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday. 　　这就是他昨天丢的那本书。 　　析： 先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。 　　例 2. 　　The book, which he lost yesterday， has been found. 　　他昨天丢了这本书，但现在已找到了。 　　析：先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。 　　延伸阅读：非限制定语从句的考点 　　考点一：和限制性定语从句的比较。 　　区别1：形式不同 　　限定性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开，而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开。 　　区别2：功能不同 　　限定性定从对先行词进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清； 　　非限定性定从对先行词补充说明，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 　　People who take physical exercise live longer. 　　His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 　　区别3：翻译不同 　　限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前；非限定性定语从句与主句分开。 　　He is the man whose car was stolen. 　　他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 　　I"ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 　　我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 　　区别4：含义不同 　　I have a sister who is a doctor. 　　我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) 　　I have a sister, who is a doctor. 　　我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 　　区别5：先行词不同 　　限定性定从的先行词只能是名词或代词； 　　非限定性定从的先行词则可以是名词或代词， 　　也可以是短语或主句。 　　Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 　　彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。 　　(which指drive too fast) 　　He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 　　他改变了主意，这使我很生气。 　　(which指整个主句) 　　区别6：关系词不同 　　that和why不能引导非限制性定从； 　　在非限制性定从中，关系词一律不省略。 　　考点二：as引导非限定性定语从句， 指代主句整个句子，可以放在主句之前， 译为“正如”。 　　As we all know, he studies very hard. 　　As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. 　　考点三：引导词前的介词 　　So far only two people have seen this house, 　　of whom neither wants to buy it. 　　So far only two people have seen this house, 　　neither of whom wants to buy it. 　　非限制性定语从句 2 　　一、 限制性定语从句 　　1.关系代词that既可代表事物也可代表人，which只代表事物，它们在从句 　　中作主语或宾语。在从句中作宾语时常可省略。 　　I was the only person in our office that was invited to the palace ball． 　　The present that（which）I received last week was from my sister． 　　This is a book which is about space rocket technology． 　　2.关系代词who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语。如： 　　This is the man who helped me． 　　The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room． 　　3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词，作定语，相当于who和whom的所有格，既可以修饰人又可以修饰物。如： 　　Do you know the student whose name is Wang Fei？ 　　We lived in a room whose window opens to the west. 　　4. where是关系副词，用来引导表示地点的定语从句，where在从句中作状语。如： 　　At last we arrived at a small village where we"ll work for a week. 　　5. when是关系副词，引导定语从句表示时间，在从句中作状语。 　　注意，表示时间的the time，the day, the moment作先行词，其定语从句引导词有四种情况：1）when,2) in/ on which3) that4)省略。如： 　　By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. 　　I still remember the day I met her. 　　Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities. 　　6. why是关系副词，引导定语从句表示原因，在从句中作状语。 　　7.关系副词when, where, why可以用“介词+关系代词”结构代替，但有两点要注意： 　　1）在“介词+关系代词”结构中，不能用that。关系代词指物用which,指人时用whom，不用who；且which和whom在这个结构中不能省略。如： 　　The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (正确) 　　The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(错误) 　　2）在使用介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时，含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。如“This is the watch which/that I am looking for.”不可以改为“This is the watch for which I am looking.” 　　二、非限制性定语从句 　　非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 　　1. which引导的非限定性定语从句，可用来说明前面整个句子的`情况或主句的某一部分。如： 　　She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth． 　　David studies hard and is ready to help others，which is what his parents expect． 　　2.在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which或as代表事物。关系代词作定语时用whose。如： 　　He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 　　In the basket there are quite many apples, which have gone bad. 　　There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.限 　　His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 　　China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 　　限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有时表达的意义不同，试分析下面两个句子的差别： 　　His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 　　他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥） 　　His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 　　他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥） 　　3. as和which引导非限制性定语从句 　　as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是： 　　1）As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。 　　He married her, as/which was natural. 　　He was honest, as/which we can see. 　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. 　　As is know, smoking is harmful to one"s health. 　　2）as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以 　　切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。 　　As is known to all, China is a developing country. 　　He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. 　　John, as you know, is a famous writer. 　　He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don"t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which 　　Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 　　3）the same… as；such…as是固定结构,意思是“和……一样……。”如： 　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 　　I have never heard such a story as he tells. 　　He is not such a fool as he looks. 　　This is the same book as I lost last week. 　　注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。如： 　　She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary"s wedding. 　　她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 　　She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 　　她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 　　语法专项练习 　　单项填空 　　1. The soldier ran to the building, and ____flew a flag. 　　A. on the top of whichB. on the top of whom 　　C. on the top of itD. which 　　2. When the same man ____murdered the old lady entered the hotel once more, 　　the waiter immediately phoned the police. 　　A. asB. thatC. whichD. whom 　　3. He wore, ____was very common at the time, a black jacket. 　　A. thatB. whichC. itD. what 　　4. Was it in the room ____Mr. Johnson lived ____the exhibition was held? 　　A. that; thatB. where; thatC. where; whereD. that; where 　　5. ____, the population of China is the largest in the world. 　　A. It is known thatB. As is well known 　　C. Which is well knownD. We all know that 　　6. This is the very reason____ he gave me. 　　A. thatB. whyC. for whichD. which 　　7. He arrived in New York in 1949, ____, some time later, he became a writer. 　　A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which 　　8. They"re talking about the newly opened market, ____you get all ____you need. 　　A. in which; whichB. where; thatC. where; whichD. which; that 　　9. She heard a terrible noise, ____brought her heart into her mouth. 　　A. itB. whichC. thisD. that 　　10. I said nothing, ____made her angry. 　　A. whichB. whatC. /D. that 　　11. I shall never forget the time ____the blacks and whites were fighting side by side. 　　A. whenB. thatC. /D. A, B and C 　　12. He has three sons, ____are doctors. 　　A. two of whomB. both of whomC. all of themD. each of them 　　13. He tore up my photo, and____ made me angry. 　　A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who 　　14. I still remember the sitting-room____ my mother and I sat in last year. 　　A. whereB. in whichC. thatD. to which 　　15. The day we looked forward to ____. 　　A. comeB. comingC. having comeD. has come 　　答案 　　1. C。由于and的存在，这是并列句，而不是非限制性定语从句，排除A. 　　2. B。这里the same修饰man，其后只能用能代表人的关系代词that引导定语从句；whom是宾格，这里引导词要在从句中作主语，故不能用。 　　3. B。which引导一个非限制性定语从句，which所代表的是整个主句的意思，为了强调从句而提前了。 　　4. B。识别强调句型不难，但极有可能在第一个空填that,而误选D。其实被强调的部分还含有一个定语从句，修饰room. 　　5. B。只有as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句之前，排除C；若去掉句中的逗号，A项则可构成含有主语从句的复合句，D项则可构成含有宾语从句的复合句。 　　6. A。强干扰项是B.这里不选why，是因为定语从句缺的是宾语，故用关系代词that.试比较：This is the reason why he gave me so much money;先行词已被very一类的词修饰过了，其后定语从句不用which引导，故亦排除D. 　　7. B。强干扰项是A.想当然地认为定语从句先行词是时间，事实上，这个非限制性定语从句所修饰的先行词是地点New York,被介词结构分隔了。 　　8. B。where引导非限制性定语从句，在该定语从句中，不定代词all又带that引导的限制性定语从句。 　　9. B。从句子结构看，这是个主从复合句，故不用it和this;引导非限制性定语从句不用that. 　　10. A。如果只想当然地认为nothing是不定代词，其后的定语从句要用that引导，就错了。这里是一个非限制性定语从句，应该用which引导，并且which所代表的是整个主句的意思。 　　11. D。英语中少数几个与时间有关的名词，如the time, the day, the moment作先行词，所带定语从句的引导词可用that代替when,也可以省略。 　　12. A。如果看出这是个定语从句，C、D很容易排除。Both of whom中的whom指两个，数量是2/2；two of whom, whom指三人，数量是2/3. 　　13. A。强干扰项是C,因为有and，这是并列句,不是非限制性定语从句。这里that是指示代词，作主语。 　　14. C。如果错误地把后面的介词in理解为in last year,可能误选A、B.事实上，in与前边的关系代词that引导定语从句。Last year是名词词组作时间状语，不加冠词。 　　15. D。这里“(that/which) we looked forward to”是修饰the day的定语从句；to的宾语是省略了的引导词。

是表语。big是city的定语

我用此句找到了录音,仔细一听发现录音是这样的…past that you…多出的is应该是编辑者不小心加上的.past后的that从句就是修饰perception的定语从句.至于你说的省略情况,还要考虑标点符号、断句是否会引起歧义.,8,在口语中,当定语从句中关系代词作主语时,关系代词可以省略吗? 如果你有耐心,请读完我的疑问再回答问题, 句子：“The perception has always been in the past is that you are only in Vegas so many nights and so you want to see something you can"t see at home.” 注：此句为一则VOA新闻中,嘉宾接受记者采访时的录音原文. 疑问点： 1. 2.是否有必要在“The perception”后面添加关系代词“that”或“which”,来指代先行词“the perception”,构成定语从句. 3.如果此句没有问题,是否意味着,“在口语中,当定语从句中关系代词作主语时,关系代词也可以省略?” 附：我搜集的,关于“定语从句中关系代词作主语时,可以省略的常见几种情况”（遗憾的是,仍不能解决我的疑问） 一、定语从句位于it is,that is,who is,here is和there is 后时,可省略作主语的关系代词 eg.That"s a thing（that）might happen to anybody.这种事谁也难免碰到. 二、在there be结构中作主语的关系代词that和which均可省略 eg.I have said all（that）there is to say.我要说的话都说了. 三、定语从句修饰“最高级（或only）+名词”结构中的名词时,从句的谓语动词又是“ever+一般过去时”时,可省略定语从句中作主语的关系代词 eg.She was the first woman（that）ever climbed Mt.Tolmolungma.她是登上珠峰的第一位女性. 四、关系代词后接“be/have+e”的结构时,作主语的关系人工词常连同be,have一起省略 eg.It is a dream（that is）e true.这是一个实现了的梦想. 五、定语从句与先行词之间有插入语I think,we know等时,作主语的关系代词可省略 eg.She is just the type（that）I always know would attract him.她确是我认识的能吸引他的那种典型女性.

定语从句里词组inwhich的主要用法是代替“关系代词”(relativepronouns)where例：Helivesinavillagewhereallthehouseshavewindmills.Helivesinavillageinwhichallthehouseshavewindmills.他住在一个所有的房子都有风车的乡村里。你说的“句尾in提前”是指这个例句：ThisisthebedroomwhichNormanBethunesleptin.上面句子和这句意思一样：ThisisthebedroominwhichNormanBethuneslept.这是白求恩睡过的卧室。inwhich的另一个用法是表达“哪个之中”的意思：Inwhichfamousbookdoyoufindtheexpression“tomorrowisanotherday”?在哪本著名的书中可以找到“明天又是新的一天的开始”这句话？希望帮到了你，满意敬请采纳，谢谢。

根据先行词以及从句中所缺失的成分来判断。whose相当于先行词的所有格，比如i bought a book whose cover was red.我买了一本封面是红色的书。这里whose cover 相当于 a book"s cover。which的用法比较简单，它是关系代词，当先行词是指物，从句中缺主语或宾语时，可以用，可与that替换。when、why是关系副词，当先行词是时间或是原因并且从句中缺地点或原因状语时可用。学习定语从句，关键在于句子成分的判断。要多做练习来巩固~加油。

可以有如下的几种途径： 1、把同位语从句后置，这是一种避免由于头重脚轻而造成句子臃肿的常用办法： The idea is partially right to me that the greatness of an individual can only be evaluated by those who live after them rather than their contemporaries. 2、把同位语从句改为插入性或后置非限制性定语从句： The idea, which is that the greatness of an individual can only be evaluated by those who live after them rather than their contemporaries, is partially right to me. The idea is partially right to me, which is that the greatness of an individual can only be evaluated by those who live after them rather than their contemporaries. 3、用namely, that is (to say) 或i.e.等解释性词语引导原同位语从句，可以插入主谓之间，也可以后置： The idea, namely the greatness of an individual can only be evaluated by those who live after them rather than their contemporaries, is partially right to me. The ideais partially right to me, that is to say the greatness of an individual can only be evaluated by those who live after them rather than their contemporaries. The idea, i.e. the greatness of an individual can only be evaluated by those who live after them rather than their contemporaries, is partially right to me.

这个句子是同位语从句。that从句可以置后

因为在主句中，electricity是宾语，宾语后面可省略which is，

具体而言，这里的动词不定式是形容词ready的补足语。

看形容词跟被修饰语之间在逻辑上的关系，动宾就用ed形式，主谓就用ing形式

动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语；如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语.

主语从句(Subject Clause) 定义:在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句. 第一部分：常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语 主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制. （1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. （3）Who will be our monitor hasn"t been decided yet. （4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. （5）What caused the accident remains unknown. （6）Whatever you did is right. （7）Whose watch was lost is unknown. （8）What we need is time. （9）What we need are good doctors. 小结: （1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等 （2)连词位于句首不能省略 （3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9 第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在主语位置,真正主语搁置于句末 （1）It is certain that he will win the match. （2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. （3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. （4）It is strange that he should do that. （5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting. （6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. （7）It is a pity that we won"t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. （8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident. （9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai) （10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese. （11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. （12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film) （13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there) 小结: （1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句. （2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11. 主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的,下面从它们的各自用法,介绍：）~ 一．主语从句 主语从句 定义:在句子中担当主语的是一个从句,这个从句就叫做主语从句. 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾. 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化.而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that.被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom.例如： It is a pity that you didn"t go to see the film. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it is＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首. (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前.例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前.例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (4) It doesn"t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前.例如： It doesn"t matter whether he is wrong or not. (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前.例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语．宾语．表语,而that 则不然.例如： What you said yesterday is right. 二：宾语从句的几个特征：1、引导词：whatwhichwhosewhenwhetherifwhere 2语序：宾语从句必须是用陈述语句. 如：I think that you must work harder. 宾语从句的引导词、连接词的区别、否定转移等现象. (1)表达时间的几个句型：一般用when或者是what time： What time will the train leave? 由于时刻都是固定的,也可以用一般现在时代替一般将来时： What time does the train leave? (2)时间的表达方式：8：19(nineteen past eight),7:57(three to eight),在时间的中间也可以加上分的单词(minutes) (3)had better +动词原型.意思是提要求,建议.但是上下级不能用这种方式,因为语气太重： You had better give up smoking . (4)sb leave sth +地点 I left my book in my classroom yesterday. (5)may I have your name(addressage)?一般询问对方的年龄、名字等,不要习惯以前的问法,这样很不礼貌,而是要采访上面的问法.以前的习惯是：how old are you? what"s your name? (6)修饰名词的代词次序：限-描-大-形---年---颜----籍----物--------类+名词： this is a bridge. This is a beautiful bridge 补充：从句的语序永远是陈述句.

in pink

上面说的太复杂了，首先what不能用在定从中；而只有非限制定从一定不能用that。

within our grasp是修饰little things的,做things的定语,省略了which is

15 of the 125 drugs 主语derived from plants 定语从句，修饰125were discovered 谓语in the rainforest 状语如果满意，请采纳~谢谢！

English, which is an important subject, need all to us to learn it wholeheartedly. Those students who are interested in English may consider that learning English is an enjoyable process. And those students who are indifferent to this subject may regard learning English as a kind of boring thing. But, whether you enjoy learning English or not, you should still learn it seriously. English is not only an essential subject, but also a subject which we should all like it.

你去百度百科上自己一搜就有了,而且还很详细

should receive respect或should be respected

1．主语(名词代词形)：句子的主体，是谓语陈述，说明的对象。If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching.成功的秘诀在于从磨练开始，并要坚持不断磨练。充当主语的形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式8）介词短语（少见） 形式主语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）2．谓语：表示主语的行为或进行的活动。I have a dream.You don"t always want what you need, or need what you want.所需之物未必皆所欲，所欲未必皆所需。谓语形式：动词（英语句子的灵魂）3．宾语：行为或活动的对象，接受者或受影响者。You don"t find opportunities…you make them.你找不到机会。你得去创造机会。You probably won"t hear opportunity knock if your television is always on.如果你常开着电视，你就可能听不到机会的敲门声。充当宾语形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）名词从句5）数词6）不定式7）-ing形式 形式宾语（名词从句，不定式，动名词）（见第六讲主语和宾语）4．表语：说明主语的身份和情况。(跟在系动词后)Time is money.Three o"clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do.你想做什么事，三点钟总是太早或太迟。构成形式：1）名词2）形容词3）代词4）数词5）不定式6）ing形式7）过去分词8）副词9）介词短语10）小品词11）名词从句5．补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定）构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）形容词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词小品词10）名词从句主语补语Tom was made monitor.宾语补语I made Tom monitor.表语补语I am sure to succeed.6. 定语：对名词性形式进行范围限定。7. This is beautiful music.There are only two kinds of music…good and bad.自古音乐分两种，好的和坏的。构成形式：1）限定词2）形容词3）名词4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）过去分词8）介词短语9）副词10）关系从句8. 同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。Puff, the magic dragon, lived by the sea.构成形式：1）名词2）代词3）名词短语4）数词5）不定式6）-ing形式7）名词从句9. 状语：修饰词，短语，从句和整句。位置：自由自在。1）修饰性状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词等（时间，地点，肯定，否定，程度，频度，方式，伴随，原因，目的，比较等）。Can you feel the love tonight?Home never looks so good as when you come back from getting away from it.只有出走又回家时，家才最感亲切。2）连接性状语：连接上下文（顺序，递进，转折，让步，结果，推论，比较）。First comes spring, then summer.I"ve never been to America, therefore I don"t know much about it.3)评述性状语：修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法或态度。Frankly speaking, the food is not very good.II．成分关系1．补语跟着宾语表语跑：补语跟在宾语和补语的后面构成宾补和表补。把有宾补的句子变成被动语态，则宾补就变成了主补。To love others makes us happy…to love ourselves makes us lonely.（宾补）We are made happy to love others…we are made lonely to love ourselves.（主补）爱他人使我们幸福，在自己使我们孤单。2．定语，同位（语）专把名词踹：定语，同位语修饰名词性形式Experience is the best teacher.（被定语所修饰的形式为名词）They are going to Melbourne, the beautiful city in southern Australia.（同位语所修饰的形式为名词）3．谓语动词由状语修饰When you reach for the stars, you may not quite get one, but you won"t come up with a handful of sand either.你想摘下天上的星星，可能一个也摘不下；但也不会一无所获。1、主语：(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn"t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesn"t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren"t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿？) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。2、谓语：(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)　记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can"t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。记住使用下列正确形式：①情态动词+原形动词。如：You"d better go over the lesson.（你最好复习这一课。）②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如：They should have been there once.（他们应该去过那儿。）③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什么？）/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。）④have+过去分词。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）⑤一般时问句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形动词。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子过的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗？）⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做个兽医。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着：圣诞快乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。）(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。(5)谓语动词单复数形式：单数形式的动词有：is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”；复数形式的动词有：are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。谓语部分第一个动词的形式单数形式复数形式一般现在时be(是)动词；现在某些时态和语态的助动词beam (单一); are (单二); is (单三);are一般过去时be(是)动词；过去某些时态和语态的助动词bewas (单一); were (单二); was;(单三)were一般现在时have(有)动词；现在完成时态的助动词havehave (单一); have (单二); has (单三);have一般现在时行为动词和助动词dodo (单一、单二); does (单三)do实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词（否定和疑问句除外）原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三)原形动词其他各时态语态的谓语动词单复数形式相同记住：主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。（参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：”） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn"t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗？----是的。)3、宾语：(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children"s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语)(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗？)(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看见了什么？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信？)(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如：Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构： ①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我。)②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如： Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。4、表语：(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀？)(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如：It"s I. (It"s me.)是我。(4) 只能作表语的形容词有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。)(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。5、定语：(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序：冠词/物代年龄/形状/大小/温度色彩来源质地/材料目的/用途被修饰的名词(中心词)athemyhis…old,young,…red,yellow,blue,…Chinese,English,American,…wooden,woolen,glass,silk,paper…meeting,tennis,sports,reading,swimming,…box,shoes,room,pig…long,short,round, square…big, large,small, little…hot, cold,warm, cool…

关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语；在从句中作主语时,不能省略;先行词既有人又有物时。④句中已有who时,为避免重复，用that代替。e.g.There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。

第一个句子，你可以看做两个层次。第一个层次，解释literary object，第二个层次，非限定性定于从句，修饰限定e-reader。这里我可以确定是修饰e-reader，是不是因为就近原则，不很确定。冒号之后的部分，when部分修饰present，冒号后的部分，是对整个趋势的总结，可以看成修饰前边所有。

(1)The animals are the living things.(living作thing的定语。) (2)There are fish living in the world.(living作fish的定语。） 在第二句中，living in the world是定语从句。 (3)He is an outing boy.(outgoing是boy的定语。）

inahurry是无法作为定语从句的，只能作为表语或者状语。Healwayswalksinahurry.Don"tbeinahurry.

Consist of 是动词短语，只有consisted of才能做后置定语。基本介绍与用法如下：后置定语分为三类，分别是定语从句、短语、单个词。短语包括三种，分别是非谓语动词短语，形容词短语和介词短语。非谓语动词短语又分为不定式短语、现在分词短语和过去分词短语,而consisted of就是非谓语动词中的过去分词短语。当consist of作后置定语时，需要让consist从谓语动词转变为非谓语动词，此时形式为consisted of，而且在句子中表被动，即与中心词的关系是被动关系。

compose,consist of,comprise,constitute, make up 这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”compose 在表示“由……材料构成”时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. 混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。Mere facts, badlly stated, do not compose a good book. 仅仅有资料，如果陈述得很糟糕，并不能组成一本好书； consist of 的含义与被动语态的 compose 相同Though the costume consists only of a sheet, it was very effective. 虽然那件化装服装仅由一条床单组成，但效果很好。comprise 在表示“构成”时，其内涵是“包括”或“覆盖”These houses do not comprises all his property. 这些房产并没有构成他的全部财产。The committee comprises men of widely different views. 这个委员会由见解甚为悬殊的人组成。constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的This growing poverty in the midst of growing poverty constitutes a permanent menace to peace. 在这种不断增长的贫困中正在增长着的贫困，构成了对和平的永久的威胁。 Seven days constitutes a week. 七天构成一个星期。make up用部分作主语，表示“部分构成整体”，用于主动语态；如果用整体作主语，必须用被动结构be made up of，这时可以和consist of互换A car is made up of many different parts.

improvised from a machine gun 是过去分词短语充当定语，属于非谓语动词短语，相当于定语从句 which was improvised from a machine gun，可见不等于只在过去分词前加一关系代词 which。

be admitted to 固定用法

that 是关系代词,why 是关系副词,也就是说,that引导的定语从句中从句部分是缺成分的 如It is the reason that he explained to me. explained后面缺宾语,that可以代替reason放在explained后面 而why引导的定语从句后面的句子是完整的 如It is the reason why he came late. he came late.是个完整的句子

英语定语从句优美句子 　　在平时的学习、工作或生活中，许多人对一些广为流传的句子都不陌生吧，句子是能够表达一个相对完整的意思，有一定的语调，表示不同的语气，句未有一个较大停顿的语言单位。句子的类型多样，你所见过的句子是什么样的呢？下面是我为大家收集的英语定语从句优美句子，希望能够帮助到大家。 　　英语定语从句优美句子： 　　Love is a lamp,while friendship is the shadow.When the lamp is off,you will find the shadow everywhere.Friend is who can give you strength at last. 　　爱情是灯,友情是影子,当灯灭了,你会发现你的周围都是影子.朋友,是在最后可以给你力量的人. 　　One may fall in love with many people during the lifetime.When you finally get your own happiness,you will understand the previous sadness is kind of treasure,which makes you better to hold and cherishthe people you love. 　　一个人一生可以爱上很多的人,等你获得真正属于你的幸福之后,你就会明白一起的伤痛其实是一种财富,它让你学会更好地去把握和珍惜你爱的人. 　　When tomorrow turns in today,yesterday,and someday that no more important in your memory,we suddenly realize that we are pushed forward by time.This is not a train in still in which you may feel forward when another train goes by.It is the truth that we"ve all grown up.And we become different. 　　当明天变成了今天成为了昨天,最后成为记忆里不再重要的某一天,我们突然发现自己在不知不觉中已被时间推着向前走,这不是静止火车里,与相邻列车交错时,仿佛自己在前进的错觉,而是我们真实的在成长,在这件事里成了另一个自己. 　　英语定语从句名言： 　　1.He,who knows nothing but pretends to know everything,is indeed a good-for-nothing.不懂装懂,永世饭桶. 　　2.He that is ill to himself will be good to nobody.人不自爱,焉能爱人? 　　3.He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好. 　　4.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.从不犯错误的人一事无成. 　　5.He that can read and meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious.会读书思索的人不会感到长夜无聊或生活乏味. 　　6.He that gains time gains all things.谁赢得时间,谁就赢得一切. 　　7.He is the best general who makes the fewest mistakes.—Hamilton 错误犯得最少的将军就是最好的将军.——汉密尔顿 　　8.He who nothing questions,nothing learns.什么也不问的人什么也学不到. 　　9.He that is master of himself will soon be master of others.能自制者方能制人. 　　10.He that travels far knows much.行万里者,见多识广. 　　11.He that cannot ask cannot live.万事不求人,哪里能生存? 　　12.A friend is someone who knows all about you and still loves you.朋友就是这样的人——他了解你的一切而仍然喜欢你. 　　13.All is not gold that glitters.闪闪发光者,未必皆黄金. 　　14.All"s well that ends well.结果好就一切都好. 　　15.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助. 　　16.Opportunity & luck always shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling.机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的 　　人. 　　17.It is the peculiarity of knowledge that those who really thirst for it always get it.凡真正渴求知识者总能得之,这就是知 　　识的.独特之处. 　　18.Those who make most people happy are the happiest in the world.—Karl Marx 能使大多数人幸福的人是世界上最幸福 　　的人.——卡尔·马克思 　　19.Those who find faults with others often lose their glamour.—Gorky 爱找别人阴暗面的人,自己也常常失去魅力.—— 　　高尔基 　　20.He conquers twice,who upon victory overcomes himself.—Francis Bacon 在获得胜利之后而能克制自己的人,获得了双重的胜利.——弗朗西斯·培根 　　一、什么是定语从句 　　阅读下列句子，找出哪一句是定语从句 　　1. My doctor told me to live where the air is fresh . 　　2. Tom was sleeping when the door bell rang . 　　3. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school？ 　　4. Can you tell me when the Flight 5571 will depart？ 　　在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词或整个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。因此，通常定语从句被视为一个句子与一个名词的关系。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 　　例如： 　　He is the boy who often goes to school late. 　　注意 　　关系词在定语从句中的三大作用： 　　1.连接作用———连接先行词和定语从句。例如： 　　I gave her all the money that I had .我把我所有的钱都给了他。（that连接先行词money和定语从句I had）. 　　2.替代作用———在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。例如： 　　The man who lives next door is a famous teacher. 　　2.成分作用———在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。例如： 　　I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.我喜欢传统的中国画（which在定语从句中作主语）。 　　二、关系代词和关系副词的用法 　　阅读下面的句子，根据从句的语法特点将其归类，幷把句子序号表格填入空缺处。 　　1. She is the old woman that witnessed the accident this morning . 　　2. Mary is the girl who works in Japan . 　　3. Is this the key which you are looking for.？ 　　4. October 1，1949 is the day when New China was founded. 　　5. The house which stands on the top of the hill was built last month . 　　6. The student whom the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest. 　　7. He lied to the police officer，which made things even worse. 　　8. This magazine belongs to the teacher who teaches us history. 　　9. Tom is reading in the room where the others are watching TV . 　　10. He failed in the exam，which surprised us all. 　　11. I don"t know the reason why she looks unhappy today. 　　12. I"ll never forget the day when I joined the League . 　　13. He"s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane . 　　关系代词和关系副词的用法 　　定语从句类型特点句子序号由关系代词which /that /who/whom引导关系代词在从句中作主语关系代词在从句中作宾语。 　　关系代词which指代前句所属之事由关系副词when /where/why引导定语从句中不缺主语或宾语；when /where /why充当从句的时间、地点、原因状语。 　　Where所指代的是一个抽象的地点，例如某一种情况、某一个领域。 　　巩固练习 　　完成句子 　　1. Alexander Bell was the man _______________________（发明电话的人）。 　　2. The present ____________________________________（她生日那天我送她的）is still unopened. 　　3. Carol said the work would be done by October.__________________________，（我对此十分怀疑）。 　　4. The film brought the hours to me __________________________________（当时我得到很好的照顾）in the faraway village . 　　5. We are living in an age ______________________________（我们生活在一个很多事情需要用电脑来做的时代）。 　　单项选择 　　1. Do you still remember the chicken farm _________________we visited three months ago . 　　A where B when C that D what 　　2. Women _______drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _______don"t. 　　A who / B / who C who who D / / 　　3. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，_______，of course，made the others envy him . 　　A who B that C what D which 　　4. If a shop has chairs _______women can park their men，women will spend more time in shop . 　　A that B which C when D where 　　5 I work in a business _________almost everyone is waiting for a great chance . 　　A how B which C where D that 　　三、关系词使用的注意事项 　　引导定语从句的关系词的选用比较复杂。除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成分外，还要根据习惯用法而定。 　　（一）只能使用that，who，whose的定语从句。 　　请阅读以下句子，根据用法分类，将句子序号填入表格中适当的位置。 　　1. This is the longest bridge that I have ever seen . 　　2. I happened to be the thousandth guest that visited the great hotel . 　　3. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited . 　　4. Who is the man that came this morning . 　　5. Which is the bag that you lost .？ 　　6. He is the very person that the police are looking for. 　　7. This is the only thing that I can remember . 　　8. Tell us everything that you know，please. 　　9. Is there anything that you don"t understand？ 　　10. All that glitters is not gold . 　　11. Anyone who breaks the law shall be punished. 　　12. His mother，who loves him very much，is strict with him. 　　13. Here is the boy who wants to see you . 　　14. Those who are against the plan put up your hands please. 　　15. Mary is the girl whose parents work in Japan . 　　16. Last week I bought a car，whose price is reasonable . 　　01定语从句基本概念 　　在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 　　引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 　　被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 　　02定语从句的关系词 　　引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 　　常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)，as 等。 　　关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 　　03定语从句的分类 　　根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 　　1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。例如： 　　Any man that / who has a sense of duty won"t do such a thing. 　　任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 　　2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。例如： 　　The house,which we bought last month,is very nice. 　　这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的. 　　注意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。 　　04关系代词的用法 　　1. that 　　that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如： 　　Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 　　玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) 　　The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 　　我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 　　2. which 　　which 用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。例如： 　　The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) 　　The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 　　我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 　　3. who， whom 　　who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语和表语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如： 　　The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 　　经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who 作主语) 　　Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 　　正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom 作宾语) 　　4. as 　　① 引导限定性定语从句时，指与先行词相似的人或物，必须用于 such/so...as...或 the same...as...结构中，例如： 　　Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. 　　被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。 　　Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out. 　　上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。 　　This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. 　　这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。 　　② 引导非限定性定语从句时，只能修饰句子，可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如...那样”例如： 　　The earth moves around the sun, as we all know. 　　As we all know,The earth moves around the sun. 　　The earth, as we all know, moves around the sun 　　③ 在非限制性定语从句中，which和as引导定语从句时的区别： 　　a. which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以放在主谓之间。 　　b. as和which都可以指代一个句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which则没有此含义。 　　c. as 引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子，which 引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子，也可以修饰名词。 　　注意 　　1. 当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom, that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如： 　　This is the house in which we lived last year. 　　这是我们去年居住的房子。 　　Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 　　请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 　　2. 含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： 　　This is the person whom you are looking for. 　　这就是你要找的那个人。 　　3. 关系词只能用that的情况： 　　① 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： 　　He was the first person that passed the exam. 　　他是第一个通过考试的人。 　　当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。 　　② 被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： 　　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 　　你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? 　　当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。 　　③ 先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如： 　　This is the same bike that I lost. 　　这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 　　注意： 当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如： 　　Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 　　王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。 　　④ 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that.例如： 　　I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 　　我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 　　⑤ 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： 　　Who is the girl that is crying? 　　正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? 　　⑥ 主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如： 　　There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 　　桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 　　4. 关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： 　　①先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如： 　　What"s that which is under the desk? 　　在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? 　　②关系代词前有介词时，用which，而不用that.例如： 　　This is the room in which he lives. 　　这是他居住的房间。 　　③引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如： 　　Tom came back， which made us happy. 　　汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 　　05关系副词的用法 　　1. when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： 　　This was the time when he arrived. 　　这是他到达的时间。(when=at which) 　　2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： 　　This is the place where he works. 　　这是他工作的地点。(where=at /in which) 　　3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： 　　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 　　没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。(why=for which) ;

一般看到有逗号的句子那估计就是非限定性了就是关系词前面有个逗号比如……，which。。。

定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词引导的从句，下面是我精心整理的定语从句句子翻译例句，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。 定语从句句子翻译例句如下： 1.将下列含有限制性定语从句的复合句译成汉语： 1)Everything that is around us is matter. 我们周围的一切都是物质 2)He is the only one among us that knows French. 他是我们中唯一懂法语的人。 3)I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他来迟的原因。 4)Certain ideas, principles, and laws often form the foundation on which other ideas, principles and laws of a science are constructed. 一些思想、原则和法律往往会成为其他思想、原则和法律赖以形成的基础。 5)Stainless steels must contain a minimum of 10% chromium. This is the reason why they are stainless. 不锈钢至少要含有10%的铬，这就是不锈钢不生锈的原因。 6)Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy. 供照明的电能可以转化为光能。 7)An electric field is a space where an electric force exists. 电场就是电力存在的空间。 8)The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. 屋顶坏了的房子现在已经修好。 9)Shanghai is the place where he was born. 上海是他出生的地方。 10)The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕的要死。 11)The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called gravity. 使所有物体落向地面的力称为重力。 12)Substances which allow electricity to flow through freely are called conductors. 电流能顺利通过的物体称为导体。 13)The car whose engine broke down was bought last month. 发动机坏掉的那辆车是上个月买的。 14)A rocket engine can work in space where there is no air. 火箭发动机能在没有空气的太空中工作。 15)We could not really feel satisfied, calm or in agreement with the situation with which we are faced at the beginning of this session of the General Assembly. 我们对本界联大开始时所面临的局势难以感到满意，也难以感到心安理得。 16)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的`，在过去，许多中国人曾为这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 17)He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and indefatigable spirit to the struggle which today brings those aims within the reach of a majority of the human race. 他把自己非凡的才智和不倦的精力无私地献给了这种斗争，这种斗争今天以使人类中大多数人可以达到这些目标。 18)He said there was never anything happening in his family he was ashamed of. 他说他们家可从来没有出现过见不得人的事儿。 19)There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。 20)There are some countries in the world where there is little rain at any time.世界上有些国家终年少雨。 2.将下列含有非限制性定语从句的复合句译成汉语： 1)Silver is a conductor, which allows electric current to flow easily. 银是一种导体，它可以让电流很容易地通过。 2)Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth. 月球上的白天和黑夜都相当长，那里的一天等于地球上的两周。 3)Metals are very strong and can be made into any required shapes, which makes it possible to be widely used in industry. 金属坚硬，又可加工成任何所需的形状，这使它能在工业上得以广泛应用。 4)Transistors, which are small in size, can make previously large and bulky radios light and small. 体积小的晶体管使先前那种大而苯的收音机变得既轻又小。（前置） 5)He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。（前置） 6)You can break up a beam of incoherent light with a prism, which is made of glass. 你能用玻璃制的棱镜分解一束非相干光。（前置） 7)Mr Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is a relative of my wife"s. 史密斯先生昨天来看过我，他是我妻子的亲戚。（独立句） 8)Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to make holes in metal. 机床有多种用途，其中之一是在金属上钻孔。（后置） 9)After dinner, four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 饭后，四个主要谈判人物再继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。 10)Like charges repel, but opposite ones attract, which is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸，这是电的基本法则之一 11)She has two brothers, who are both doctors. 她有两个兄弟。他们都是医生。（独立句） 12)We will put off the party until next week, when we won"t be so busy. 我们把聚会推迟到下星期。那时我们不会这样忙。（独立句） 13)Semi–conductor is a new kind of material, which has found a wide use in electronic industry. 半导体是一种新型材料，已广泛应用于电子工业。 14)There are some new terms in the article, the meanings of which may be difficult to the students. 这篇文章中有些新的术语，它们的意思可能使学生感到困难。 15)Galileo, who made the first telescope, died in 1624. 伽利略死于1642年，他制造了第一架望远镜。 16)The most important form of energy is electric energy, which is widely used in our daily life. 电能是最重要的能量形式，它广泛用于我们的日常生活中。 17)Burgess and Richard Hoagland contacted Carl Sagan, who greeted the idea enthusiastically. 伯吉斯和理查德.霍格兰同卡尔.萨根取得了联系，卡尔满腔热情地接受了这个想法。 18)He had talked to Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和尼克松谈过话。尼克松向他保证，凡是能够做到的都会竭尽全力去做。 19)Once was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 有一次是暴风骤雨，是我平生见到最猛烈的。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。 20)Electronic computers, which make it possible to free man from the labour of complex measurements and computations, have found wide application in engineering. 电子计算机在工程技术上已获得广泛应用，它使人可能摆脱复杂的测量和计算工作。 3.将下列含兼有状语职能的定语从句的复合句译成汉语： 1)Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the Crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief. 代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议，而现在则发展到募集军队并推选乔治.华盛顿为总司令了。 2)Atoms, which are very, very small, can be broken down into still smaller particles. 原子虽然很小很小，但仍能分解成更小的粒子。 3)We have to oil the moving parts of the machine, the friction of which may be greatly reduced. 我们必须给机器的传动部分加油，以便使摩擦大大减少。 4)Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们极其迫切地要求工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。 5)However, iceberg water could be extremely cheap for some countries when compared with desalination, a process which requires much more fuel and much more money. 不过，对某些国家来讲，用冰山化水与海水脱盐相比，冰山化水的费用可能极为便宜，因为脱盐过程需要更多燃料和更多的资金。 6)An automatic production line is excellent for the automotive industry where thousands of identical parts are produced. 自动生产线最适用于汽车工业，因为那里要生产成千上万个同样的零件。 7)Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important. 橡胶是一种质轻、富有弹性、经久耐用和防水的材料，因此橡胶工业十分重要。 8)John, whose wife is ill, cannot come to the party. 约翰不能来参加聚会，他妻子病了。 9)The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain. 由于电子计算机似乎起着类似人脑的作用，所以常被称作电脑。 10)Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力，那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。 11)Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily. 物质具有一定的特征或特性，因此能使我们很容易地识别出来。 12)Potential energy that is not so obvious as kinetic energy exists in many things. 虽然势能不象动能那样明显，但它存在于许多动物之中。 13)There is a minimum size for the reactor at which the chain reaction will just work . 反应堆有一个最起码的尺寸，以使链式反应正好维持下去。 14)The remainder of the atom from which one or more electrons are removed must be positively charged. 如果从原子中移走一个或多个电子，则该原子的其余部分必定带正电。 15)A gas occupies all of any container in which it is placed. 无论将气体装在什么容器里，它都会把容器充满。 16)Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, which in turn is changed into mechanical energy. 机械能转变为电能，而电能又转变为机械能。 17)Man can not live on the moon, where there is no air and water. 人不能在月球上住，那里没有空气和水。 18)World war II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. 第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。(表原因) 19)They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈加猛烈，遍及全国。（译成结果状语从句） 20)My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically. 虽然我的助手在实验以前从头到尾地阅读过说明书，但由于他死搬硬套还是未能得到满意的结果。（译成让步状语从句） 4.将下列句子翻译成汉语： 1)In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved. 当两国发生争端时，如与两国友好，第三国则力避卷入。（译成条件状语从句） 2)Miniaturization (小型化) means making things small in size, which is of great importance for the development of the electronics industry. 小型化意味着缩小东西的尺寸，这对电子工业的发展极为重要。 3)This is a machine which is assembled of its separate components. 这是一台由一些单独的部件装配起来的机器。 4)The current is in the same direction as the motion of the positive particles (is)电流方向与带正电的粒子运动的方向相同。 5)As we have seen in an earlier unit, the greater this difference in temperature is, the faster the heat will flow. 正如我们在先前一个单元中所看到的，温差越大，热传输越快。 6)Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable. 伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话，这个女人现在异常无礼，十分令人反感。（译成并列句，重译先行词） 7)The element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by chemical means. 元素是一种物质，这种物质不能用一般的化学方法再分裂成更为简单的物质。(译成并列句，重译先行词) 8)Perhaps light is some sort of electric wave, whose nature we do not yet understand.也许，光是某种电波，其性质我们尚不清楚。 9)Iron, which is not so strong as steel, finds wide application. 尽管铁的强度不如钢，但它仍有广泛的用途。 10)They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 11)It is in line with the Charter, which recognizes the value of regional efforts to solve problems and settle disputes. 它符合**精神，因为**承认由地区进行排解纠纷的作用。（译成原状语从句） 12)He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. 他三岁丧父，所以记不起父亲。 13)What"s the time you usually go to bed? 你通常什么时候睡觉？ 14)There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 15)He insisted on buying another coat, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再买一件上衣，虽然他并不用得着。 16)Her hair is the same colour as her mother"s . 她的头发和她母亲的头发一样颜色。 17)There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在那群人当中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月。 18)Those who are in favour please hold up their hands. 如果赞成，就请举手。 19)Strength, hardness and plasticity (可塑性) of metals are the properties that make them so useful for industry. 金属具有强度、硬度和可塑性，这些性能使它们在工业上得到广泛应用。 20)They know the hours when restaurants put their leftovers (吃剩的食物) in the garbage cans where they search for food. 他们知道饭店什么时候将残羹剩饭倒进垃圾桶，他们在那里寻找食物。 21)Good clocks have pendulums (钟摆) which are automatically compensated for temperature changes. 好钟的钟摆可以自动补偿温度变化造成的影响。 22)Power is equal to work divided by the time, as has been said before. 如前所述，功率等于功除以时间。 23)The day will come when man can make full use of solar energy. 人类总有一天会充分利用太阳能。 24)There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魅力，所以他们都很喜欢。 25)The products of science are ideas which can be applied in helping to understand new experiences. 科学的结果形成概念，这些概念可用来理解新的经历。 26)A floating object displaces an amount of water whose weight equals t中英句子翻译-定语从句的翻译hat of the object. 浮体排开一定量的水，其重量相当于该浮体的重量。 27)The time when man can make use of atomic energy has come. 人类能够利用原子能的时候已经来到了。 28)Here we shall discuss only such factors as may cause distortions of the signal. 这里我们将讨论的只是可能引起信号失真的那些因素。 29)Air moves from places where the pressure is high to places where the pressure is low. 空气从压力高的地方向压力低的地方移动。 30)To make an atomic bomb we have to use uranium 235, in which all the atoms are available for fission. 制造原子弹必须用铀235，因为它的所有原子都可以裂变。

是定语从句。the reason后面的关系副词why省略了。

我来我来~是这样的，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以省略从句的引导词和谓语动词注意，要省一起省，要么都不省略。就lz的句子来说，主句主语是therent，而从句主语也是therent，故省略了whichis而原句也可以是Therentis$120aweekwhichisinclusiveheating.

同意leon84115

Ioncelivedinthatbighousehascollapsed

定语从句的翻译方法可以根据具体的语境和句子结构进行调整，但以下是一些常见的翻译方法：1. 直接翻译：将定语从句直接翻译成目标语言的定语从句。例如：The book that I bought yesterday.（我昨天买的那本书。）2. 分离翻译：将定语从句分离出来，使用其他翻译方式。例如：The book I bought yesterday.（我昨天买的书。）3. 改写翻译：将定语从句改写为其他形式的修饰语。例如：The book I purchased yesterday.（我昨天购买的书。）4. 合并翻译：将定语从句与主句合并，形成一个完整的句子。例如：The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。）需要注意的是，翻译定语从句时要根据语法和语义准确表达句子的意思，并且根据目标语言的语言习惯和表达习惯进行调整。

特殊疑问词

特殊疑问词

英语中，定语从句分成限制性从句与非限制性从句两种。他们在英语中的位置一般是在其所修饰的先行词后面。限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的其别只是在于限制意义的强弱。而汉语中定语作为修饰语通常在其所修饰的词前面，并且没有限制意义的强弱之分，因此，限制与非限制在翻译中并不起十分重要的作用。英语中多用结构复杂的定语从句，而汉语中修饰语则不宜臃肿。所以，在翻译定语从句时，一定要考虑到汉语的表达习惯。如果英语的定语从句太长，无论是限制性的或非限制性的，都不宜译成汉语中的定语，而应用其他方法处理。常见的定语从句翻译有以下几种方法。 一、前置法：把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面，可以用“的”来连接。 既然定语从句的意义是作定语修饰语，所以在翻译的时候，通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”的前置定语，翻译在定语从句的先行词前面。 He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。 His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。 二、后置法：把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面，翻译为并列分句。 英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂，如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话，会显得定语太臃肿，而无法叙述清楚。这时，可以把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，译成并列分句。翻译时可以用两种方法来处理。 （一）重复先行词。 由于定语从句的先行词通常在定语从句中充当句子成分，如果单独把定语从句翻译出来的话，常常需要重复先行词，还可以用代词代替先行词来重复。 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 他把这件事告诉了约翰， 约翰 又告诉了他的弟弟。 We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged. 在我们对特别委员会表示满意，特别委员会的工作应该受到鼓励。 You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect. 你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。 Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area. 他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。 （二）省略先行词。 如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，在“通顺、完整”的前提下，有时候可以不用重复先行词。 It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。 They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。 After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。 三、融合法：把定语从句和它所修饰的先行词结合在一起翻译。 融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句，尤其是“there be ”结构带有定语从句的句型。 There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。（原句中的主句部分there is a man翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。） In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention. 在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。（原句中的主句部分there are many people翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。） We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志。（原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是在定语从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成主语，而将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。） She had a balance at her banker"s which would have made her beloved anywhere. 她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。（原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是在定语从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成主语，而将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。） 四、状译法 英语的定语从句与汉语中的定语还有一个不同的地方，那就是，英语中有些定语从句和主句关系不密切，它从语法上看是修饰定语从句的先行词的，但实际上限定作用不强，而是修饰主句的谓语或全句的，起状语作用。也就是说，有些定语从句兼有状语从句的职能，在意义上与主句有状语关系，表明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。在这种情况下，需要灵活处理，在准确理解英语原文的基础上，弄清楚逻辑关系，然后把英语中的这些定语从句翻译成各种相应的分句。 （一）译成表示“时间”的分句 A driver who is driving the bus mustn"t talk with others or be absent-minded. 司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。 （二）译成表示“原因”的分句 He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable. 他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。 （三）译成表示“条件”的分句 Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。 （四）译成表示“让步”的分句 He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for 尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。 （五）译成表示“目的”的分句 He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter. 为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。 He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument. 为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料以。 （六）译成表示“结果”的分句 They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。 （七）译成表示“转折”的分句 She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。 《定语从句的翻译》由留学liuxue86.com我整理

应该是属于地点状语

他们一直打电话找有票的人constantly是副词 这个句子结构已经完整了 只能填个副词了你可能以为填形容词 be constant doing something 没有这么用的 be consistent in doing还可以考虑下

定语从句句子成分S - subject - 主语 P - predicate - 谓语 O - object - 宾语 Att - attribute - 定语 Adv - adverbial - 状语Com - complement - 补语 Pre - predicative - 表语 C - clause - 从句 We are studying English. S P O John collects old books. S P Att O At home I wear casual clothes. Adv S P Att OCard collecting is becoming a popular hobby in Britain. S P Att Pre AdvEveryone expects her to wear expensive clothes and make-up all the time. S P O ComThey are always pleased when they come into the office and find them. S P Adv Pre AdvShe will miss her friends if she goes to Germany. S P O AdvAs soon as they decide to get married, they will let you know. Adv S P O ComI am wondering if I"ll get an interview. S P OHe asked what the matter was. S P OHe said that it was his house. S P OOne day a box with cards on all the streets beginning with “Tr” fell out of her window. Adv S Att Att Att P AdvYou need two witnesses who are over eighteen and who can speak and understand English. S P O AttWe make any changes that are necessary. S P O Att定 语 从 句一、什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。 基本结构: 主句 + 关系词 + 从句(即主语 + 谓语) She is the girl that / whom I"m looking for. The company where I work is a famous one in China.二、定语从句的三大要素 （1）先行词(即被修饰词) ；（2）关系词(即连接先行词和从句的词) ； （3）从句。其中先行词和从句任何时候必须存在, 关系词则可根据情况省略(参照第五点)。 This is the most interesting book that I have read. The time when we will leave has not been decided.三、关系词的作用 (1) 起连接先行词和从句作用； (2) 指代先行词； (3) 在从句中充当成分, 即从句的主语, 宾语,表语,定语或状语： He who laughs last laughs best.（主语） The days that I spent in America are unforgettable.（宾语） She is not the girl that she used to be.（表语） The father whose son lost his life in the accident was deep in sorrow.（定语） The date when we will hold the meeting is not clear.（状语）四、关系词类别关系代词 现行词 从句中担任的成分 关系副词 先行词 从句中担任的成分who 人 主语或宾语 Where 地点 状语=介词 + whichwhom 人 宾语 When 时间 状语=in/on/at + whichwhich 物 主语或宾语 why reason 状语=for + whichthat 人或物 主语或宾语 whose 人或物 定语 1、关系代词： (1) 如果指代人, 用who / that,在从句中当主语;用whom / that当宾语 The man who / that is coming this way is our teacher. Hong Zhigong is a man whom / that we should learn from. (2) 如果指代事物, 用 which / that, 当主语或宾语 All that shines is not gold. The computer is a tool that / which we all should learn to use. 2、关系副词： (1) 如果指代事情发生的时间, 用when 或 时间介词+which, 当状语 The year 2008, when / in which the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, is one that will never be forgotten by all Chinese. I did remember the day when/ on which I came to No. 4 High School. (2) 如果指代事情发生的地点, 用 where 或 地点介词+which,当状语 Boao, where / in which Boao Forum for Asia is held every year, used to be a small fishing town. This is the house where/ in which I lived years ago. (3) 如果阐明原因，用why： Could you please tell me the reasons why/for which you came late to school this morning.关系代词和关系副词的区别：主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。分清楚这一关系并在做题时想着这个原则，就不会出原则性的错误了。五、 关系代词的省略 (1) 关系词在从句中当宾语, 且它前面没有带介词, 可省略 (2) 关系词在从句中当主语, 千万不能省略六、 不用that的情况(1) 定语从句中存在介词, 且和先行词在意义上有关系, 可以把介词放在先行词前面, 这时, 其形式只能是 介词 + which 或 介词 + whom, 不能有 介词 + that, 也就是that 前不能带有介词(2) 非限制性定语从句(用”,”隔开的定语从句)Yesterday, Jimmy left for Canada, where he had stayed for two years. She said she had finished her work, which I doubted(怀疑) very much. 七、定语从句中通常只用 that 连接的情况（背） 1. 先行词前面有序数词和形容词最高级形式, 用that连接。 2. 先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词，或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, right 等修饰, 用that连接。3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the one, one of修饰时, 用that连接。That white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to have.The last place that we visited was the chemical works.4. 先行词同时含有人和事物, 用that连接5. 当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that，而不用who(whom)，which.Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 6. 主从句中作表语 以上通常是适用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。八、定语从句中主语和谓语动词在人称和数上的一致问题（非常重要） 1. 定语从句中谓语动词通常和先行词的单数或复数一致 2. one of the + 复数名词, 定语从句中谓语动词和复数名词一致(先行词是复数名词) 3. the only / very + one of the + 复数名词, 定语从句中谓语动词和one一致, 用单数动词形式（先行词是the one）九、定语从句解题步骤 1. 找先行词。 2. 选择关系代词或副词。 （1）确定先行词是人（who/whom/ that）还是物(which/ that)； （2）确定先行词在定语从句中担任的句子成分（第三点）。这一点可以帮助我们划分使用关系代词还是关系副词( where/ when/ why)。 eg：This is the place that/which I visited years ago. This is the place where I lived years ago. 分析：这两句的先行词都是the place，由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选择关系代词，如果作宾语时关系代词可省略。而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语，因为live是不及物动词，因此选择关系副词where。 （3）有无限制词。

measure用于由疑问词引导的从句。measure可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时可接名词或代词作宾语，偶尔也接由疑问词引导的从句作宾语。measure，英文单词，名词、及物动词、不及物动词，作名词时意为测量，措施，程度，尺寸，作及物动词时意为测量，估量，权衡，作不及物动词时意为测量，估量。

省略先行词的定语从句【希望帮助到你，若有疑问，可以追问~~~祝你学习进步，更上一层楼！(*^__^*)】

不是，没有定语。will take是谓语动词，measures是宾语。

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children"s Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ___the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I"ll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we"ll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who"s C. which D. whose 14.I"m interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn"t such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I went D.I went with him19.I don"t like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ______they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ___are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.You"re the only person ______I"ve ever met ______could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, ______I can"t remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _____Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason ______he didn"t come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn"t come was ______he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools ___sed in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened? --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; whatD. what; that 47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the schoolC. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of whichD. none of which50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 51. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.52. I"ll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.53. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, ___is the best season there.54. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.55. I"ll never forget the last day______ we spent together.56. This is the school ______I used to study.　57. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?58. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?59. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?60. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?61. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.62. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.63. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.64. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.65. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.66. It was about 600 years ago_ _ __the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.67. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.68. This is the very novel about____we"ve talked so much.69. This is the way____he did it.70. Who is the student _____was late for school today?71. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?72. What else was there in my brother____you didn"t like?73. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.74. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.75. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.76. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.77. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.78. And there is one point ______I"d like your advice.79. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.80. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.

这个介宾短语作状语还是作定语取决于它修饰an explosion还是修饰整个句子，显然在这里是修饰an explosion，所以作定语。整句话的意思为：那个裁定造成了专利申请的激增。

warded by stages, under police escort, to his

首先例行的解释一下句子的意思：进行暴风雨力学的研究的目的是为了提高预测（意外）事件的能力，并因此可以把发生损失和伤害的可能性降到最低。research在这里是名词， into the dynamics of storms 则为作定语 修饰research;如果research在这里充当的是一个动词的话，那么它应该会有宾语，但是此句中并没有出现宾语。predict放在第一个分句中，而minimize和avoid放在第二个分句当中，前者和后者不存在并列是否的问题，但是minimize和avoid则属并列关系。avoid前没有to的原因是因为假如前面的已经加了to的话，就不需要再加to了，只需在and后面加上两个短语不相同的部分就可以了/在这里，thus充当的是一个连词，看吧，其实这里的话，后面的events后面的and可以省去，不影响句子的意思。而连词，除了and之外的话，基本上只可以放在句首或句末。

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 定语从句功能及位置 　　功能：定语从句相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。 　　位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 　　例：Those who are willing to attend the party , sign your names here please. 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。(定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.） 关系词: 　　引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词常有3个作用： 　　①连接作用，引导定语从句。 　　②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。 　　③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。 　　注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语等。 先行词: 　　被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如The man The book 关系代词引导的定语从句举例 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1,who, whom, that 　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下： 　　(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　　(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 　　（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 2,Whose 用来指人或物 　　(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换，指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替） 　　(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 　　(2) Please pass me the book whose color (the color of which) is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。 　　(3) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。 3,which, that 　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如： 　　(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语） 　　(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语） 　　4,as 　　as 可以做主语，也可以作宾语，作宾语时一般不省略，指人或者物。常与such as,the same as等短语连用。 　　5，as与which的区别 　　①as可以放在句首，而which不行 　　②as表示主观，which表示客观事实 　　③as引导非限制性定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句 when指时间 　　在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 　　(2) The time when we got together finally came. where指地点 　　在定语从句中做地点状语 　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. 　　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. why指原因 　　在定语从句中做原因状语 　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 　　(2) I don"t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, 　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 先行词和关系词 　　1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.　(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 　　2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) 　　但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。 　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。　 　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.　 　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　 　　典型例题 　　1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise. 　　A. it　B. that　C. which　D. he　 　　答案C。 　　此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 　　2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. 　　A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it　 　　答案B。 　　which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 　　3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. 　　A. that　B. which　C. as　D. it　 　　答案B。　　 　　as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：　 　　(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。　 　　(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。　 　　在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 　　As 的用法例 　　1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。　 　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 　　例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。　 　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.　 　　As is known, smoking is harmful to one"s health.　 　　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语； 　　例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 　　一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分 　　1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如： 　　My grandmother"s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is. 　　在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 　　2. 动词短语先行成分。 　　这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。 　　3. 句子作先行成分。 　　这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 　　二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 　　由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况： 　　1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 　　2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 　　3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。 　　三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能 　　一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。 　　1. 表示结果 　　表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。 　　2. 表示评注 　　表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。 　　3. 有无状语意义 　　“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。 　　四、关系代词as与which的句法功能 　　1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。 　　as作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem），主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如： 　　Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference. 　　Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主动被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。 　　2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。 　　3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如： 　　We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be. 　　“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。 　　如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如： 　　He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was. 　　4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。 　　which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如： 　　I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.

　　　定 语 从 句一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。3． 作定语用whose, 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which)He"s written a book the name of which I"ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)4． 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.（二）关系副词的用法：1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：I still remember the time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Each time he came, he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注：where有时也可以省略。如：This is the place (where) we met yesterday.　　3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注：why时常也可以省略。如：That is the real reason he did it.(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when = on (in, at, during…) + which;where = in (at, on…) + which;why = for which. 如：I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：I"ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I"ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只 能引导限制性定语从句。三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如：This is the telegram which he refers to.Is there anything (that) I can do for you?2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如：I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有 唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较：All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个）4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如：He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.注：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light.As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China.（2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西，因此常译成“就象… …那样”。（3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，如： She stole her friend"s money, which was disgraceful.He tore up my photo, which upset me.5．在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如：The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that :The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.I don"t like the way (that) you laugh at her.四．关系词的选择1． 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用who 指人，which指物；关系代词做宾语，常用whom（口语中有时用who）指人，which指物，它们都不能用that代替。2． 关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：　　Do you know the boy to whom she was talking?Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?The pencil (which/that) he was writing with suddenly broke.3． 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，关系词可用which或that，二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用which：(1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如：All that can be done has been done.In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.(2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如：We heard clearly every word that he said.(3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，如：Is that the best that you can do?That"s the most expensive hotel that we"ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.(5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want to find.(6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如：The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children"s Palace.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.(7) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Which is the car that killed the boy?4. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系词可用who(m)或that，二者常可互换。但在下列情况中，用who(m)，而不用that：(1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。如：Is there anyone who can answer this question?He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp.注：在非正式文体中可以说：You"re the one that knows where to go.) (2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如：He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. Those who are against the proposal put up your hands.注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that…。如：He that promises too much means nothing.(3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。如：Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meeting?(4) 在分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如：A new master will came tomorrow who will teach you German.There"s only one student in the school who/whom I wanted to see.I was the only person in my office who was invited.(5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如：She is the only girl I know who can play the guitar.5. 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:(1) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?Which of us that knows anything does not know this?(2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如：He is the greatest man that has ever lived.(3) 当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如：She is the only person that understands me.6. 当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用as，也可以用that。在表示具体事物 时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用as，表示同一事物多用that。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday. 这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。This is the same instrument as I used yesterday. 这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：I have the same opinion as / that you have.这里要注意的是：（1） 使用as时，它引导的定语从句中的动词可以省略，但使用that时，定语从句中的动词不可省略。如：Women received the same pay as men.Women received the same pay that men received.(2) 在“the same…that”结构中，that只是用来加强语气，强调“相同”。that可以省去而不改变句子原意，甚至连名词前的same也可以省去。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.= This is the same instrument I used yesterday.= This is the instrument I used yesterday.但在“the same…as”结构中，same和as都不能省略。(3) 当“the same…that”结构中的that作为关系副词用时，不可以直接与as互换。如：He lives in the same building that I live.= He lives in the same building as / that I live in.Shall we meet at the same place that we last met?= Shall we meet at the same place that / as we last met at?7. 当先行词前有such, so, as时，关系词应当用as。如：A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesn"t understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day, all buses and trolleys have to carry as many passengers as they can.It is so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Let"s discuss such things as we can talk of freely.另需注意：This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand.（结果状语从句） 　　

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用,去掉后主句意义就变得不明确,它与主句之间没有逗号分隔。例如：This is a shop that sells personal computers.The watch that I bought yesterday works well.非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些,它对先行词起补充说明作用,去掉后不影响主句意义。因此,一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。例如：We are all proud of the Great Wall, which is one of the man-made wonders of the world.My father, who is a doctor, often encourages me to work hard.注意：在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省去。一种特殊的非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中,有时根据句子意思,常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。He has five children, two of whom are abroad. 3．介词+关系代词的用法关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,不能用that,也不能省略,常用which或whom。介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。例如：The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.但遇固定词组时,介词一般紧跟词组主体,不作前置。如：Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for一般不提前,因为look for是固定词组,意为“寻找”,介词for若被提前,单个的look意为“看”,句意不符。)介词也可结合句意、根据先行词确定,此时介词以前置为佳。Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner.The girl with whom I went to the concert yesterday is my sister.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.4．关系代词的一些特定用法：that与which；that与who1)指物时,关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用,但以下几种情况下一般用that,不用which：①先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时：Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?I have read all the books (that) you gave me.注：当something确指某物或某事时,用that或which都可以,如：There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。”②先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second…, the last修饰时：This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.The first place (that) we"ll visit is the Great Wall.③先行词被the only,the very修饰时：The only thing that matters is to find our way home.This is the very book (that) I"ve been looking for.④先行词既有人又有物时：They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.⑤当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时,为避免重复,定语从句中常用that：Who is the man that is standing by the door?Who that has common sense will do such a thing?Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?Which that you bought just now is for me?⑥两个定语从句,一个用which一个用thatEdison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.2)用which不用that：①介词后②非限制性定于从句中③两个定语从句,一个用that一个用which3)当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词表“人”时,一般用who而不用that： 但当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,通常用that而不用who：He is no longer the man that he used to be.例题精析》》》》》》》》》》》》 1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains.A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）： (1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops. A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are (2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are (3) Next month we"ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are 2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand” A. that B. which C. where D. what 【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？ 3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。 【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such … that …，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him： David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）： It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as 4. The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. that B. it C. them D. which 【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。 【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D： (1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000. A. that B. it C. them D. which (5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that 选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。 7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is. A. as B. which C. what D. that 【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。 【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：[考题2] . The Science Museum, ____________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London"s tourist attractions.(2008.江苏) A. which B. what C. that D. where[点拨]A 本题考查非限制性定语从句，排除B。从句中visit是及物动词，缺少宾语，排除D。这是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用which而不用that，排除C.。故A项正确。[考题3]. Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.(2008.山东) A. who B. which C. why D. when[点拨]D 本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。此题关键是要根据句意判断出是定语从句。句意为：我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。Occasions是先行词，从句成分齐全，排除A, B。所选关系词在定语从句中要做时间状语，故选D。[考题4]. I"ll give you my friend"s home address, I can be reached most evenings.(2008.北京卷) A. which B. when C. whom D. where[点拨]D本题考查非限制性定语从句。此题关键是判断定语从句的完整与否。定语从句中reach 是及物动词，但此句是被动语态，从句成分齐全，所以选择关系副词，排除A, C。定语从句先行词是地点，所以排除B。故选D。[考题5]. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008.江西)A. where B. when C. who D. which[点拨]A 本题考查定语从句。此题关键是判断定语从句的先行词为cases，意思是：情况，状态，指物或指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，先行词指地点，用where。 在定语从句中，当先行词为point, case, situation等时，通常用关系副词where引导。[考题6]. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. (2008.全国卷II)A. it B. what C. which D. that[点拨]C本题考查定语从句中稍微偏难的非限制性定语从句。从句的引导词which指代前边整句话的内容。整句话逻辑意思不难得出：“那里的这条道路被证明是非常不错，这，超出我们的想像的。历年的高考题中，非限制性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点之一，值得我们注意。例：1. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _____can be very eye-opening and rewarding.(2007年湖南卷)A．who B．which C．what D．that2. ______I explained on the phone, you request will be considered at the next meeting.A．When B．After C．As D．Since(答案：B ; C)[考题7]. The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds. (2008.陕西卷)A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which[点拨]D本题考查定语从句中稍微偏难题型： whose + n = the + n + of which / of which + the + n 所以the hands of which = of which the hands = whose hands 答案选D。 例：1. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ____ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽卷)A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 2. It is reported that two schools, ______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007四川卷)A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which (答案：D ; D )1．The weather turned out to be very good, ＿＿＿ was more than we could expect．(NMET"94) A． what B． which C． that D． if 2．All ＿＿＿＿ is needed is a supply of oil． (MET"89) A． the thing B． that C． what D． which 3．Finally the thief handed everything ＿＿＿＿ he had stolen to the police． (MET"87) A． after B． what C． whatever D． that 分析：1－3 BBD ①在非限定性定语从句中只能用which不用能that。如题1。②在下列几种情况下用that不用which：1)先行词为不定代词anything, everything, all, nothing等时。如题2，题3。2) 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。3）先行词被no, the only, very等修饰时。4）先行词既有人又有物时。 “热点”之二：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 典型考题： 1．He paid the boy ＄10 for washing the windows, most of ＿＿＿＿ hadn"t been cleaned for at least a year．(MET"90) A． those B． these C． that D． which 2．In the dark street, there wasn"t a single person ＿＿＿＿ she could turn for help．(MET"92) A． that B． who C． from whomD． to whom 4．In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm, ＿＿＿＿ many people have gone home． (上海"94) A． whose B． that C． on which D． by which time 分析：1－4 DDBD 在“（名词、数词、代词＋）介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用whom（指人）和which（指物）。在这种结构中，“介词”的选择可依据下列几点：1）介词和定语从句中的谓语动词是一种习惯搭配。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. “热点”之三：定语从句中的“隔离”现象 典型考题： 1．The film brought the hours back to me ＿＿＿＿ I was taken good care of in that faraway village．(NMET 2001) A． until B． that C． where D． when 2．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ＿＿＿＿ of course, made the others unhappy． (NMET 2000) A． who B． which C． this D． what 3．The pen I ＿＿＿＿ I ＿＿＿＿ is on my desk, right under my nose．(NMET"93) A． think; lost B． thought; had lost C． think; had lost D． thought; have lost 分析：1－3DBB ①因定语从句过长，为使句子保持平衡，常将定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。如题1，when引导的定语从句和先行词the hours分开。②在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加语言的灵活性。如题2中的“of course”为插入语，题3中 的“I thought”为插入语。 易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句 1.定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较： 1)We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分) 2)We don"t believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语) 2.定语从句与状语从句。试比较： 1)He left the key where he had been an hour before. (where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where) 2)He left the place where he lived for many years. (where 引导定语从句，修饰the place) 3)He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. (as 引导定语从句) 4)He is such a good teacher that we all like him. (that引导结果状语从句,such…that… “如此…以致…”) 3． 定语从句与主语从句。试比较： 1) As is known to us all, paper was first made in China. (as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首) 2) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China. (it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句) Cf. What is known to us is that paper was first made in China. 4．定语从句与强调结构。试比较： 1)It is the house where I met the young man. (where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语从句中作地点状语) 2)It was in the house that I met the young man. (本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.) 5．定语从句与并列句。 请分析下列题目并分析： A．whom B．themC．theyD．who 1）Mr Smith has three sons，none of ＿＿＿＿ is a computer expert． 2）He has three sisters，＿＿＿＿＿ are doctors． 3）She has three CDs，but none of＿＿＿＿＿ is interesting． 4）I have many friends，and all of＿＿＿＿＿ are nice and friendly． 5）Miss Yang has some relatives here；＿＿＿＿ like her very much． 〔答案与简析〕本组题考查定语从句与并列句的区别。第1和2小题是定语从句，正确答案分别是A和D；第3和4小题有并列连词but和and，为并列句，每句只能有一个连接词，故正确答案均为B；第5小题中的前后两部分用分号连接，是两个并列分句，无需连接词，故C项正确。

一般在写文章的时候，用在一个名词后面相当于一个形容词来修饰前面的名词，会令你的文章看起来比较高级一些~

http://wenku.baidu.com/view/483096114431b90d6c85c72e.html百度文库 可直接下载

with wich 中 which 指前面的故事 the stories那从句意思就是： American grandparents of her day brought up children with the stories 她那个时代的美国 奶奶用这些 故事来抚养/教育 孩子长大...

　　定语从句例句 　　1.你昨天错过的会议非常重要. 　　The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. 　　2.正在做演讲的女孩是我们班的班长. 　　The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor. 　　3.我昨天打坏的花瓶是很昂贵的. 　　The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive. 　　4.昨天帮助了你的男孩是我的邻居. 　　The boy who helped you yesterday is my neighbour. 　　5.这正是我所感兴趣的话题. 　　That"s just the topic that I"m very interested in. 　　6.这是那个给我提供了宝贵机会的老板. 　　He is just the boss who gave me that valueable opportunity. 　　7.这个话题是我感到厌倦的. 　　This is the topic/theme that I"m tired of. 　　8.他是那个帮助了我的老师. 　　He is the teacher who helped me. 　　9.我们很喜欢那个很幽默的演讲者. 　　We all like that speaker who is very humourous. 　　10.两个女儿都是教师的那个老奶奶是我们的邻居. 　　定语从句句子 　　1. 翻译定语从句句子 　　1).Everything that is around us is matter.我们周围的一切都是物质 　　2).He is the only one among us that knows French.他是我们中唯一懂法语的人。 　　3).I know the reason why he came late.我知道他来迟的原因。 　　4).Certain ideas, principles, and laws often form the foundation on which other ideas, principles and laws of a science are constructed.一些思想、原则和法律往往会成为其他思想、原则和法律赖以形成的基础。 　　5).Stainless steels must contain a minimum of 10% chromium.This is the reason why they are stainless.不锈钢至少要含有10%的铬，这就是不锈钢不生锈的原因。 　　6).Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy.供照明的电能可以转化为光能。 　　7).An electric field is a space where an electric force exists.电场就是电力存在的空间。 　　8).The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.屋顶坏了的房子现在已经修好。 　　9).Shanghai is the place where he was born.上海是他出生的地方。 　　10).The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.在他手下工作的人对他怕的要死。 　　11).The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called gravity.使所有物体落向地面的力称为重力。 　　12).Substances which allow electricity to flow through freely are called conductors.电流能顺利通过的物体称为导体。 　　13).The car whose engine broke down was bought last month.发动机坏掉的`那辆车是上个月买的。 　　14).A rocket engine can work in space where there is no air.火箭发动机能在没有空气的太空中工作。 　　15).We could not really feel satisfied, calm or in agreement with the situation with which we are faced at the beginning of this session of the General Assembly.我们对本界联大开始时所面临的局势难以感到满意，也难以感到心安理得。 　　16).They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。 　　17).He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and indefatigable spirit to the struggle which today brings those aims within the reach of a majority of the human race.他把自己非凡的才智和不倦的精力无私地献给了这种斗争，这种斗争今天以使人类中大多数人可以达到这些目标。 　　18).He said there was never anything happening in his family he was ashamed of.他说他们家可从来没有出现过见不得人的事儿。 　　19).There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.楼下有人要见你。 　　20).There are some countries in the world where there is little rain at any time.世界上有些国家终年少雨。 　　2.翻译定语从句句子 　　1).Silver is a conductor, which allows electric current to flow easily.银是一种导体，它可以让电流很容易地通过。 　　2).Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.月球上的白天和黑夜都相当长，那里的一天等于地球上的两周。 　　3).Metals are very strong and can be made into any required shapes, which makes it possible to be widely used in industry.金属坚硬，又可加工成任何所需的形状，这使它能在工业上得以广泛应用。 　　4).Transistors, which are small in size, can make previously large and bulky radios light and small.体积小的晶体管使先前那种大而苯的收音机变得既轻又小。（前置） 　　5).He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。（前置） 　　6).You can break up a beam of incoherent light with a prism, which is made of glass.你能用玻璃制的棱镜分解一束非相干光。（前置） 　　7).Mr Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is a relative of my wife"s.史密斯先生昨天来看过我，他是我妻子的亲戚。（独立句） 　　8).Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to make holes in metal.机床有多种用途，其中之一是在金属上钻孔。（后置） 　　9).After dinner, four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.饭后，四个主要谈判人物再继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。 　　10).Like charges repel, but opposite ones attract, which is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸，这是电的基本法则之一 　　11).She has two brothers, who are both doctors.她有两个兄弟。他们都是医生。（独立句） 　　12).We will put off the party until next week, when we won"t be so busy.我们把聚会推迟到下星期。那时我们不会这样忙。（独立句） 　　13).Semi–conductor is a new kind of material, which has found a wide use in electronic industry.半导体是一种新型材料，已广泛应用于电子工业。 　　14).There are some new terms in the article, the meanings of which may be difficult to the students.这篇文章中有些新的术语，它们的意思可能使学生感到困难。 　　15).Galileo, who made the first telescope, died in 1624.伽利略死于1642年，他制造了第一架望远镜。 　　16).The most important form of energy is electric energy, which is widely used in our daily life.电能是最重要的能量形式，它广泛用于我们的日常生活中。 　　17).Burgess and Richard Hoagland contacted Carl Sagan, who greeted the idea enthusiastically.伯吉斯和理查德.霍格兰同卡尔.萨根取得了联系，卡尔满腔热情地接受了这个想法。 　　18).He had talked to Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.他和尼克松谈过话。尼克松向他保证，凡是能够做到的都会竭尽全力去做。 　　19).Once was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.有一次是暴风骤雨，是我平生见到最猛烈的。这阵暴风雨遮住了我的目标。 　　20).Electronic computers, which make it possible to free man from the labour of complex measurements and computations, have found wide application in engineering.电子计算机在工程技术上已获得广泛应用，它使人可能摆脱复杂的测量和计算工作。 　　3.翻译定语从句句子 　　1).Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the Crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief.代表大会先前已集会决定继续向英皇提抗议，而现在则发展到募集军队并推选乔治.华盛顿为总司令了。 　　2).Atoms, which are very, very small, can be broken down into still smaller particles.原子虽然很小很小，但仍能分解成更小的粒子。 　　3).We have to oil the moving parts of the machine, the friction of which may be greatly reduced.我们必须给机器的传动部分加油，以便使摩擦大大减少。 　　4).Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人们极其迫切地要求工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。 　　5).However, iceberg water could be extremely cheap for some countries when compared with desalination, a process which requires much more fuel and much more money.不过，对某些国家来讲，用冰山化水与海水脱盐相比，冰山化水的费用可能极为便宜，因为脱盐过程需要更多燃料和更多的资金。 　　6).An automatic production line is excellent for the automotive industry where thousands of identical parts are produced.自动生产线最适用于汽车工业，因为那里要生产成千上万个同样的零件。 　　7).Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important.橡胶是一种质轻、富有弹性、经久耐用和防水的材料，因此橡胶工业十分重要。 　　8).John, whose wife is ill, cannot come to the party.约翰不能来参加聚会，他妻子病了。 　　9).The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain.由于电子计算机似乎起着类似人脑的作用，所以常被称作电脑。 　　10).Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.行为主义者认为，如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力，那么这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展。 　　11).Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.物质具有一定的特征或特性，因此能使我们很容易地识别出来。 　　12).Potential energy that is not so obvious as kinetic energy exists in many things.虽然势能不象动能那样明显，但它存在于许多动物之中。 　　13).There is a minimum size for the reactor at which the chain reaction will just work .反应堆有一个最起码的尺寸，以使链式反应正好维持下去。 　　14).The remainder of the atom from which one or more electrons are removed must be positively charged.如果从原子中移走一个或多个电子，则该原子的其余部分必定带正电。 　　15).A gas occupies all of any container in which it is placed.无论将气体装在什么容器里，它都会把容器充满。 　　16).Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, which in turn is changed into mechanical energy.机械能转变为电能，而电能又转变为机械能。 　　17).Man can not live on the moon, where there is no air and water.人不能在月球上住，那里没有空气和水。 　　18).World war II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。(表原因) 　　19).They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗愈加猛烈，遍及全国。（译成结果状语从句） 　　20).My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically.虽然我的助手在实验以前从头到尾地阅读过说明书，但由于他死搬硬套还是未能得到满意的结果。（译成让步状语从句）

用who

翻译为：That"s the best western food I"ve ever had

强调句，it is ...that ,强调主语

1.A,B都对,因为多了only这个限定词,很明显who is working in China 是修饰the one的,整句是"在那些外国人中,Smith先生是唯一一个在中国工作的人." 2.选D,与1.相反,the students才是who have been to Beijing的先行词.A与D只有D的结构相符.

1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时.例如：allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时.例如：heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词.例如：hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词.thisisthebestbook(that)ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时.例如：hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which,不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中.例如：themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时.例如：thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

1.The person who is standing at the door is my English teacher.2.Do you know the person whom we met on the street?3.The problem which annoys us is how to complete the work on time.4.The book which we bought yesterday is worthy to be read.5.The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel.6.This is the best movie that I have ever seen.

intervals 如果指空间距离，关系词要用 where；如果指“间隔时间”，关系词就得用 when。例如：He always visits me at intervals when there is free time. （他总是在有空的间隔时间拜访我一次）

enjoyable形容词，既可以做表语也可以做定语啊，大部分形容词都这样啊

这要人造句不难，造这么多还得打出来好难，你直接分别百度一下三种从句，从中摘取你认为可以的看得懂的句子吧！一般百度文库里应该有，或者搜索英语语法从句

He is a tailor whose job is to make clothes? 这里的定语从句用“谁的”

你想想啊，一个好男孩，他首先不得是男孩嘛！男孩（物）是中心词，好只是修饰他而已。 一样的啊，a lot of 相当与上一句的 good 。是定语。注意啦：a good boy 中的 a 和 a lot of money 中的a 是不一样的，后面的a lot of 是一个整体，不能像a good boy 一样分离。还有不明白的么？

1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。thisisthebestbook(that)ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.

很简单，若是中翻英，则先翻的字后面的（（名词/代词）即作先行词的词））。例如：他做的事情很奇怪。 Thethingthathedoisstrange.在这里先翻译了的字后面的“事情”，然后再写定语从句。

that在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；which在从句中作主语或是宾语，只能指物、that与which的区分1。指物时宜用that的情况：>①、当先行词为all,none,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.>②、当先行词既指人又指物时。Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.>③、当先行词是疑问词who,what,which时或者句子以疑问词who,what,which打头时。Whothathassuchahomedoesn"tloveit?>④、先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.>⑤、当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame,just,oneof,any,every,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时。ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.>⑥、关系代词在从句中作表语。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.2。只能用which不能用that的情况。>①、引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.>②、关系代词作介词的宾语。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.>③、that，those作主语时ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.④.先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.注意当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。

交朋友，作后置定语用不定式吧，具体还要看情况了

　　 定语从句时态问题 　　定语从句和所有的句子一样时态的变化和选择体现了说话人的意思和情绪，用什么样的时态主要是考虑到主句和从句发生的时间有先后顺序，当然也有相对现在而言的将来时。 　　定语从句中由于涉及主句和从句，在这里也会有时态先后的问题，一般来说如果主句动词是将来时，从句用一般现在时或者一般过去时。 　　 1.从句表现一般现在时的情况 　　A.The man who is appointed as a school principal will be a better leader. 　　被任命为学校校长人将会是一个更好的领导者。（用is appointed 不用 will be appointed） 　　B.There will be a special regulate for somebody who takes part in the competition next week. 　　对下周参加比赛的人将会有一个特殊的规则。（不用 will take, 而用 takes 一般现在时） 　　 2.从句表示一般过去时的情况 　　A.So to speak, those books whose covers were printed red would sale on Chrismas eve. 　　这么说吧，那些封面被刷成红色的书将在圣诞前夕出售。（whose引导的定语从句时态为一般过去时，主句would sale 为过去将来时） 　　B.The fashion show which held in these countries would make an important influence. 　　在这些国家举办的时尚秀将会产生重要的影响。 　　 3.但也有主句和从句都是一致时态的情况 　　A.Person who will go to watch movies next month will have to book tickets in advance. 　　在下个月要看电影的人将不得不提前订票。（主句和从句都用的一般将来时） 　　B.The cooperation which will be build up between two companies will be a significant event in business. 　　将要在两个公司直接建立的合作将会是一个商业界的重大事件。（主句和从句都表示将来） 　　【扩展阅读】 　　 定语从句概述 　　 I关系代词引导的定语从句 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 　　1）who,whom,that 　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： 　　Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　　Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 　　2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如： 　　Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 　　Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 　　3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： 　　Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside. 　　农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语） 　　Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语） 　　 II.关系副词引导的定语从句 　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 　　1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如： 　　Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 　　Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn. 北京是我的出生地。 　　Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 　　2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： 　　Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 　　Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 　　 III.判断关系代词与关系副词 　　 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： 　　ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的`山村。 　　I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 　　 I关系代词引导的定语从句 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 　　1）who,whom,that 　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： 　　Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） 　　Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 　　2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如： 　　Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 　　Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 　　3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： 　　Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside. 　　农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语） 　　Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语） 　　 II.关系副词引导的定语从句 　　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 　　1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如： 　　Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 　　Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn. 北京是我的出生地。 　　Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 　　2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： 　　Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 　　Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 　　 III.判断关系代词与关系副词 　　方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 　　例如： 　　ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。 　　I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 　　判断改错： 　　（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear. 　　（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside. 　　（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear. 　　（对）I"llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside. 　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 　　 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 　　例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage? 　　A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone 　　例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld. 　　A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone 　　答案：例1D，例2A 　　例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago. 　　例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld. 　　在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 　　而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。 　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。 　　 IV.限制性和非限制性定语从句 　　1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如： 　　Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） 　　Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 　　2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如： 　　CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 　　Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 　　Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 　　3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如： 　　HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。 　　Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。 　　说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 　　 V.介词+关系词 　　1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 　　2）that前不能有介词。 　　3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如： 　　ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。 　　ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago. 　　Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？ 　　Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub? 　　VI.as,which非限定性定语从句 　　由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如： 　　Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 　　Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。 　　典型例题 　　1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise. 　　A.it B.that C.which D.he 　　答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 　　2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect. 　　A.what B.which C.that D.it 　　答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 　　3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark.. 　　A.that B.which C.as D.it 　　答案B.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： 　　（1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 　　（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。 　　 as的用法 　　例1.thesame…as；such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。例如： 　　Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。 　　例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。例如： 　　Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 　　Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth. 　　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 　　 VII.先行词和关系词二合一 　　1）Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.（Whoever可以用anyonewho代替） 　　2）Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.（what可以用allthat代替） 　　VIII.what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever 　　1）what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything。例如： 　　Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的动词都送来了。 　　Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。 　　2）who=thepersonthat whoever=anyonewho。例如： 　　（错）Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished. 　　（错）Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear. 　　（对）Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。 　　（对）Whorobbedthebankisnotclear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。 　　3）that和what 　　当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如： 　　Ithink（that）youwilllikethestamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。 　　Whatweneedismorepractice.我们需要的是更多的实践。 　　 IX.关系代词that的用法 　　1）不用that的情况 　　a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如： 　　（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere. 　　b）介词后不能用。例如： 　　Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。 　　Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom. 　　2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 　　a） 在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。 　　b） 在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 　　c） 先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。 　　d） 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. 　　e） 先行词既有人，又有物时。例如： 　　Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。 　　Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

一.定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词.定语从句必须放在先行词之后.引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词.例如： This is thepresent that he gave me for my birthday. Do you knoweverybody who came to the party? I still rememberthe night when I first came to the village? This is the placewhere Chairman Mao once lived. 二.关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来.关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分.关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语. 1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致. I don"t like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Provincesell very well. 2.作宾语： She is the person that I met at the school gateyesterday. The book that my grandmother gave me is called “TheGreat Escape”. 3.作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用. What"s the name of the young man whose sister is adoctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4.作状语 I"ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where I was born. 三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语. The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is veryclever. 2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语. Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3.whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语. The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning ofwords. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentionedyesterday. 5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语. I"ve read the newspaper that(which) carries theimportant news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper overthere? 6.when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语. I"ll never forget the time when we workedon the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7.where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语. This is the house where we lived lastyear. The factory where his father works is inthe east of the city. 四.关系代词 whom,which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面, Thatwas the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room whichwe had lived in for ten years. 五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1.只能使用that,不用which 的情况： (1) 先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代词时. Allthat he said is true. (2) 先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时. He is the only foreigner that has been tothat place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词. He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词. This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时. He talked about the people and the things heremembered. 2.只能用which,不用that 的情况： (1) 在非限制性定语从中. Themeeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时. Thething about which he is talking is of great importance. 希望对你有用!

The reason why I...is that....why后面是定语 that后面是reason的同位语